“…Lapan, Gysbers and Sun 1997;Lapan, Gysbers and Petroski, 2001;Sink and Yillik-Downer, 2001). In Hong Kong, based on the comprehensive guidance programme model developed by Norman Gysbers in the United States, the Life Skills Development Team (consisting of researchers, counsellors, counsellor trainers and educational psychologists) developed a life skills guidance curriculum, together with instruments for assessing students' self-efficacy in applying life skills in areas of academic, personal-social and career development (Yuen, Gysbers, Chan, Lau, Leung, Hui and Shea, 2005;Yuen, Hui, Lau, Gysbers, Leung, Chan and Shea, 2006). With the support of the Research Grant Council Hong Kong, the team further devised an instrument -the Comprehensive Guidance and Counselling Programme Inventory (CGCPI) to enable teachers, guidance personnel and administrators to determine the extent to which guidance and counselling activities were being implemented in the local schools, and to detect any gaps or weaknesses in current provision.…”