Perfectionism, Depression, Loneliness, and Life Satisfaction

Wang, Kenneth T.; Yuen, Mantak; Slaney, Robert B.

doi:10.1177/0011000008315975

Cited by 142 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Mobley, Slaney, and Rice (2005) performed analyses of the APS-R item responses from 342 academically talented middle school students and they found that three factors emerged via exploratory factor analyses, but goodness-of-fit criteria fell just below the criteria for acceptability. Similarly, Wang et al (2009) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is not very surprising when findings are reported indicating that perfectionists with high levels of discrepancy on the APS-R also have elevations on measures that explicitly tap some component of dissatisfaction such as measures of life satisfaction (see Gilman & Ashby, 2003;Gnilka, Ashby, & Noble, 2013;Grzegorek, Slaney, Franze, & Rice, 2004;Pearson & Gleaves, 2006;Wang, Yuen, & Slaney, 2009). …”

Section: How Should Discrepancy Be Assessed In Perfectionism Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Should Discrepancy Be Assessed in Perfectionism Research? A Psychometric Analysis and Proposed Refinement of the Almost Perfect Scale–Revised

Flett

Mara

Hewitt

et al. 2016

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment

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Research on perfectionism with the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R) distinguishes adaptive perfectionists versus maladaptive perfectionists based primarily on their responses to the 12-item unidimensional APS-R discrepancy subscale, which assesses the sense of falling short of standards. People described as adaptive perfectionists have high standards but low levels of discrepancy (i.e., relatively close to attaining these standards). Maladaptive perfectionists have perfectionistic high standards and high levels of discrepancy. In the current work, we re-examine the psychometric properties of the APS-R discrepancy subscale and illustrate that this supposedly unidimensional discrepancy measure may actually consists of more than one factor.Psychometric analyses of data from student and community samples distinguished a pure fiveitem discrepancy factor and a second four-item factor measuring dissatisfaction. The five-item factor is recommended as a brief measure of discrepancy from perfection and the four-item factor is recommended as a measure of dissatisfaction with being imperfect. Overall, our results confirm past suggestions that most people with maladaptive perfectionism are characterized jointly by chronic dissatisfaction as well as a sense of being discrepant due to having fallen short of expectations. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the assessment of perfectionism, as well as the implications for research and practice. Assessing Discrepancy 3 How Should Discrepancy be Assessed in Perfectionism Research? A Psychometric Analysis and Proposed Refinement of the Almost Perfect Scale -RevisedThe current article re-examines the psychometric characteristics of the Almost Perfect Scale -Revised (APS-R; Slaney, Rice, Mobley, Trippi, & Ashby, 2001), which is a measure with an ironic name given the likelihood that no measure is perfect. While this paper is primarily focused on assessment issues, it stands as an example of how assessment and conceptual issues are often inextricably linked. Our particular focus is the APS-R discrepancy subscale, which is a unique, important, and influential subscale in theory and research on perfectionism (for a discussion, see Flett & Hewitt, 2014). Perfectionism is defined within the framework espoused by Slaney and colleagues as having both positive and negative aspects. Discrepancy largely accounts for the negative element. According to Slaney et al. (2001), discrepancy is "… the central and defining negative aspect of perfectionism" (p. 133). They defined discrepancy as "the perceived discrepancy or difference between the standards one has for oneself and one's actual performance" (p. 133). In a subsequent chapter, Slaney, Rice, and Ashby (2002) defined discrepancy as "… the perception that one consistently fails to meet the high standards one has set for themselves." When perfectionists judge themselves with discrepancy as their key context, perfectionists are distressed primarily because they tend to fall short of extant standards and ex...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: How Should Discrepancy Be Assessed In Perfectionism Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Should Discrepancy Be Assessed in Perfectionism Research? A Psychometric Analysis and Proposed Refinement of the Almost Perfect Scale–Revised

Flett

Mara

Hewitt

et al. 2016

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment

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“…The validity of the APS-R has been explored in several culturally diverse populations, and translated to various languages including Chinese, Asian, Indian, African American, and Turkish samples (e.g., Aydin;2013;Yang et al, 2007;Mobley, Slaney, & Rice, 2005;Slaney, Chadha, Mobley, & Kennedy, 2000;Slaney, Mobley, Trippi, Ashby, & Johnson, 1996;Ulu, 2007;Ulu, Tezer, & Slaney, 2012;Wang, Puri, Slaney, Methikalam, & Chadha, 2012;Wang, Slaney, & Rice, 2007;Wang, Yuen, & Slaney, 2009). Further, a short version of the scale that includes 8 of its items and represents standards and the discrepancy was tested and found to have similar characteristics (Rice, Richardson, & Tueller, 2014).…”

Section: Kira Et Al Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the “Almost Perfect Scale” Almost Perfect? The Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of APS-R and Its Short Form

Kira¹,

Shuwiekh²,

Rice³

et al. 2018

PSYCH

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The goal was to evaluate the construct and predictive validity of the Arabic version of APS-R and check its invariance across genders and the English version supplied by one of the measure authors. We used its translated Arabic version, and measures of PTSD, complex PTSD (CTD), depression, and existential annihilation anxiety (AA), in a sample of 620 students from two Egyptian Universities. We conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the APS-R's construct validity and zero-order correlation, curve estimation regression to test its predictive validity, and Multigroup invariance analysis to check its invariance between languages and genders. The three-factor model did not fit well which made its structural validity questionable. However, the model fitted well for each dimension separately. The results indicated that striving for standards and order, and self-discrepancy are distinct measures, and each has good construct and predictive validity. Order and standards predicted linearly and non-linearly lower PTSD, CTD (post-cumulative trauma disorders), depression, and AA. Self-discrepancy predicted linearly and non-linearly higher depression, PTSD, CTD, and AA. The non-linear models accounted for more variance than the linear models. While the measures were strongly invariant across genders, they were partially invariant across the English and Arabic samples.

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“…It can be said that the perfectionism expectation of the instructors from the people around them motivate these people in the positive way and that other-oriented perfectionism perception is desired and healthy. However, the fact that the expectation of perfectionism is healthy and that their interaction with others is good have led to a decrease in the social emotional loneliness levels of the instructors (Chang, Sanna, Chang & Bodem, 2008;Wang, Yuen & Slaney, 2009). Naturally, this can cause them to feel lonely if the instructors feel responsible, expect others to be perfect as well and strive to achieve this.…”

Section: Discussion Conclusion and Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Öğretim elemanlarının etrafındaki insanlardan mükemmeliyetçilik beklentisinin bu insanları olumlu yönde motive ettiği ve başkalarından beklediği mükemmeliyetçilik algısının istenen, sağlıklı yönde olduğu söylenebilir. Nitekim bu mükemmeliyetçilik beklentisinin sağlıklı olması etrafındakiler ile etkileşiminin iyi olması öğretim elemanlarının sosyal duygusal yalnızlık düzeyinde azalmaya yol açmıştır (Chang, Sanna, Chang & Bodem, 2008;Wang, Yuen & Slaney, 2009). Öğretim elemanları kendisini sorumlu hissedip kendi gibi başkalarının da mükemmel olmasını bekliyor ve bunun için çaba sarf ediyorsa doğal olarak bu durum onların kendilerini yalnız hissetmemelerine neden olabilir.…”

Section: Tartışma Sonuç Ve öNerilerunclassified

The relationship between the instructors' perfectionism and social emotional loneliness levels

Kıral

Çavuş

2017

Pegegog

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Instructors who strive to do their job in the best way can experience loneliness due to this perfectionist personality trait. That's why, in this research, it was aimed to reveal the relationship between the instructors' perfectionism and loneliness levels. 123 volunteer instructors who were selected by random sampling method participated in the research, which was designed in relational screening model. Descriptive and provable statistical techniques were used in the research. As a result of the research, it was found that general perfectionism of the instructors was relatively above average. The instructors' self-oriented perfectionism was at the highest level. The instructors' social emotional loneliness levels were relatively below average. The instructors' perfectionism and loneliness levels did not differ according to demographic variables. Positive, medium and high level relationships were found among the instructors' perfectionism. There was a negative, low level relationship between the instructors' perfectionism other than socially prescribed perfectionism and their social emotional loneliness. It was found that the instructors' other-oriented perfectionism levels significantly predicted their loneliness. The studies that can support the findings obtained can be conducted at different universities.

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Perfectionism, Depression, Loneliness, and Life Satisfaction

Cited by 142 publications

References 55 publications

How Should Discrepancy Be Assessed in Perfectionism Research? A Psychometric Analysis and Proposed Refinement of the Almost Perfect Scale–Revised

How Should Discrepancy Be Assessed in Perfectionism Research? A Psychometric Analysis and Proposed Refinement of the Almost Perfect Scale–Revised

Is the “Almost Perfect Scale” Almost Perfect? The Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of APS-R and Its Short Form

The relationship between the instructors' perfectionism and social emotional loneliness levels

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