Assessing the performance of sand filter basins in treating urban stormwater runoff

Zarezadeh, Vahid; Lung, Travis; Dorman, Troy M.; Shipley, Heather J.; Giacomoni, Marcio

doi:10.1007/s10661-018-7069-5

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A previous study by Ogunmodede et al [52] also reported that natural clay has some sorption capabilities for organics from wastewater. The percentage removals for turbidity, TSS, and TDS presented in Table 3 are comparable with the other LID technologies [53,54].…”

Section: Removal Of Turbidity Tss and Tdssupporting

confidence: 56%

Evaluation of a Low-Cost Ceramic Filter for Sustainable Reuse of Urban Stormwater in Arid Environments

Shafiquzzaman

Haider

Ghazaw

et al. 2020

Water

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Sustainable reuse of urban stormwater is inevitable in the fight against water crises in arid regions. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-cost ceramic filtration process for reuse applications of urban stormwater. Stormwater was collected from a storage pond located in Buraydah (Qassim, Saudi Arabia) for laboratory experiments. The filtration tests were performed in a continuous mode with constant pressure using a low-cost ceramic filter made of clay soil and rice bran. The removal rates of the contaminants (heavy metals) as well as the turbidity, suspended solids, and nutrients of the stormwater were assessed. High removal efficiencies for turbidity (97.4%), suspended solids (97.0%), BOD 5 (78.4%), and COD (76.1%) were achieved while low removals were achieved for the nutrients: 19.7% for total nitrogen, 25.3% for nitrate, and 8.6% for phosphate. Removal efficiencies ranged between 36.2% and 99.9% for the heavy metals, i.e., iron, manganese, lead, zinc, nickel, copper, cadmium, selenium, and barium. Contaminant removal rates observed for the ceramic filter were also compared with the alum coagulation process operated in a continuous mode at an optimum alum dose of 50 mg/L. Similar removal behaviors for removal of turbidity, suspended solids, organics, nutrients, and heavy metals suggested that both ceramic filtration and alum coagulation can be effectively used for stormwater treatment. Effluent qualities of both the ceramic filter and alum coagulation met the standards, for recycling/reuse of wastewater, set by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and World Health Organization for unrestricted irrigation and toilet flushing. The study results revealed that ceramic filtration is a low-cost, energy efficient, and easy to maintain technology which can be complimentary to best management practices for stormwater.Urban stormwater runoff transports a wide range of pollutants (generated by anthropogenic and biogenic activities) into the receiving water bodies (i.e., retention ponds and natural drains) that exceed the maximum contamination limits set for recycling as well as groundwater recharge. Stormwater runoff can be polluted by organics, nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen, hydrocarbons, oils, and heavy metals originating from fertilizers, automobile emissions, agriculture, soil erosion, yard waste, and detergents [4][5][6]. Moreover, stormwater can be contaminated by intrusion of emerging pollutants from cross-contamination or overflows of municipal sewers [7,8].Physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of stormwater usually do not comply with the desired water quality standards either for non-potable water applications or artificial groundwater recharge [9][10][11]. Several low-impact design (LID) technologies including bioswales, constructed wetlands, vegetated filter strips, and media filters have been employed for stormwater management [12][13][14]. Some of the LID techniques such as bioswales, constructed wetlands, and vegetated filter strips simulate the use of natural sys...

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Section: Removal Of Turbidity Tss and Tdssupporting

confidence: 56%

Evaluation of a Low-Cost Ceramic Filter for Sustainable Reuse of Urban Stormwater in Arid Environments

Shafiquzzaman

Haider

Ghazaw

et al. 2020

Water

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“…Overall, retention ponds have the best performance for reducing dissolved P (median of 50%), but this is generally for high influent concentrations [10]. Media filters, which are commonly sand filters, are most effective at overall P removal but are less effective at achieving low levels of P in the effluent [51]. Efficient and consistent removal of dissolved P is generally only possible if chemical binding methods (e.g., P binding minerals) are used in conjunction with sedimentation [52,53].…”

Section: Phosphorus Removal Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Field Application of Spent Lime Water Treatment Residual for the Removal of Phosphorus and other Pollutants in Urban Stormwater Runoff

Pilgrim¹,

Kuster²,

Huser

2022

Water

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The threat of anthropogenic eutrophication and harmful algal blooms in lakes requires the development of innovative stormwater best management practices (BMPs) to reduce the external loading of phosphorus (P). This paper presents the findings of a 5-year study of a full-scale P removal structure constructed in Minnesota, USA with spent lime drinking water treatment residual (DWTR), a by-product of water softening at a local water treatment plant. Influent and effluent water samples were collected by auto-samplers during 43 storm events during the growing season. Samples were analyzed for P constituents, heavy metals, total suspended solids (TSS), and pH. Toxicity of the effluent was assessed using Ceriodaphnia dubia. Flow-weighted removal effectiveness was calculated for each storm event. Overall, the spent lime DWTR reduced total P loading by 70.9%, dissolved reactive P by 78.5%, dissolved P by 74.7%, and TSS by 58.5%. A significant reduction in heavy metals was also observed. Toxicity tests indicated the aquatic toxicity of the effluent treated with spent lime DWTR was not different from untreated stormwater. This study provided long-term real-world data that demonstrated that a full-scale P removal structure with spent lime DWTR significantly reduced P and other pollutants in stormwater discharging to an urban lake. Therefore, spent lime DWTR, which is currently treated as a waste product, is a promising filter material for stormwater treatment.

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“…However, both metals and nutrients have a minor impact on hydraulic performance [100]. Pollutant removal depends largely on the size of the media grains, concentration and size of TSS from the pollutant loadings, and hydraulic loading rate, more than the other factors such as catchment type, storm events, the objectives of its treatment, groundwater level, imperviousness, and type of the receiving water bodies [100,105,106]. Otherwise, factors such as cost-effectiveness, adsorption and desorption rate, infiltration, lifespan, retention capacity, and also availability could be considered [107].…”

Section: The Criterion For Optimizing Filter Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Application of Granular Filter Media and the Utilization of Agro-Industrial Wastes for Stormwater Quality Improvement

2021

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The stormwater management practices have changed from conveyance-oriented to storage-oriented, as part of the Best Management Practices (BMPs). Still, uncontrolled development increases potential pollutants in the stormwater, which conveys into a water body or river. Continuous improvements in the filtration mechanism would complement stormwater management. For the past decades, there is progress in applying granular filter media for stormwater quality improvement. However, the reports were not systematically reviewed. In this paper, the recent five years research that utilizes granular filter media for improving stormwater quality was retrieved and reviewed. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was referred to, where Scopus and Web of Sciences, two primary journal databases, were used. Initially, keywords searching strings have resulted in 467 articles, which were further screened. Four themes have been formed: stormwater management, stormwater characteristics, separation mechanisms, and future perspectives. Next, two sub-themes and two sub-sub-themes were further established. Then, 65 articles were included manually to complement the themes developed to explore the potential agro-industrial wastes as sustainable filter media. Therefore, this review has proven that the relatively inexpensive and renewable resources from the agro-industrial wastes can remove pollutants efficiently from the stormwater. Four main criteria affecting filter media performances are also highlighted, including the grain sizes of the media, media bed configuration, hydraulic loading rate, and the suspended solids concentration. Further study on these variables can be beneficial to explore the impact of utilizing agro-based media in stormwater filtration.

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Assessing the performance of sand filter basins in treating urban stormwater runoff

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Evaluation of a Low-Cost Ceramic Filter for Sustainable Reuse of Urban Stormwater in Arid Environments

Evaluation of a Low-Cost Ceramic Filter for Sustainable Reuse of Urban Stormwater in Arid Environments

Field Application of Spent Lime Water Treatment Residual for the Removal of Phosphorus and other Pollutants in Urban Stormwater Runoff

A Review on the Application of Granular Filter Media and the Utilization of Agro-Industrial Wastes for Stormwater Quality Improvement

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