Assessing the life cycle costs and environmental performance of lightweight materials in automobile applications

Witik, Robert A.; Payet, Jérôme; Michaud, Véronique; Ludwig, Christian; Månson, Jan‐Anders E.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.07.024

Cited by 303 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Recycling of metals from end of life vehicles (ELVs) is well-established with high material recovery rates [5,45]. Polymers and composites usually end up in the automotive shredder residues (ASR) that is either incinerated or landfilled [46,47].…”

Section: End Of Life (Eol)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lightweight design does, however, have drawbacks. Compared to steel, composite materials such as carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are costly and have higher energy demand during manufacturing [5]. Recycling of composites and sandwich structures is also costly and complicated; since composites consist of two different materials (matrix and reinforcement) and traditional sandwich structures often consist of three (face sheet-, core material and adhesive), separation of the materials is difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…al. [3] and Witik et al [5] suggest a thorough environmental and cost analysis. However, design parameters and requirements are not presented as part of a comprehensive material selection model, limiting those studies to an environmental and cost assessment of finished products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, comprehensive frameworks are needed which ensure that both functional and environmental vehicle performance requirements are considered and balanced. Although rarely applied in practice, several such integrated models for evaluating and selecting materials can be found in literature [3,5,[16][17][18][19][20]. Simoes et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weight reduction is commonly adopted in vehicle design, resulting in both energy and emissions savings [2,3]. Weight savings can be realised through material substitution to lightweight materials, such as lighter metals, polymers and composites [4,5], through use of materials in a more weight efficient manner, for instance as a sandwich structure [6], or through a combination of the two. Lightweight design does, however, have drawbacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A material selection approach to evaluate material substitution for minimizing the life cycle environmental impact of vehicles

et al. 2015

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Weight reduction is commonly adopted in vehicle design as a means for energy and emissions savings. However, selection of lightweight materials is often focused on performance characteristics, which may lead to sub optimizations of life cycle environmental impact. Therefore systematic material selection processes are needed that integrate weight optimization and environmental life cycle assessment. This paper presents such an approach and its application to design of an automotive component. Materials from the metal, hybrid and polymer families were assessed, along with a novel self-reinforced composite material that is a potential lightweight alternative to nonrecyclable composites. It was shown that materials offering the highest weight saving potential offer limited life cycle environmental benefit due to energy demanding manufacturing. Selection of the preferable alternative is not a straightforward process since results may be sensitive to critical but uncertain aspects of the life cycle. Such aspects need to be evaluated to determine the actual benefits of lightweight design and to base material selection on more informed choices.

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Section: End Of Life (Eol)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A material selection approach to evaluate material substitution for minimizing the life cycle environmental impact of vehicles

et al. 2015

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Low‐temperature fast curable behavior and properties of bio‐based carbon fiber composites based on resveratrol

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Environmentally friendly materials are an integral part of sustainable chemistry, and bio‐based polymer composites are an important class of materials. The manufacture of composites is expected to reduce or even eliminate the use of adjuvants, considering the importance of reducing energy consumption and avoiding health and environmental risks. In this study, a phenyl‐containing, polyfunctional, bio‐based epoxy resin (TGER) was synthesized, and carbon fiber‐reinforced, bio‐based epoxy resin composites were fabricated by vacuum‐assisted resin infusion using two aromatic amine curing agents, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) and 3,3′‐diethyl‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DEDDM). Curing reactions and rheological behavior studies showed that TGER had higher curing reactivity toward DDM and DEDDM than to diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and possessed good processability. The results indicated that the resveratrol‐based epoxy resin displayed low‐temperature fast curing properties. The evaluation of the mechanical properties of the carbon fiber composites showed that the flexural strengths of CF/TGER/DDM and CF/TGER/DEDDM were 520 and 628 MPa, respectively. The initial decomposition temperature of CF/TGER composites is above 200°C. Furthermore, the carbon fiber–reinforced biopolymers possess excellent heat resistance. Therefore, carbon fiber‐reinforced, resveratrol‐based epoxy resin composites are promising candidates as alternatives to petroleum‐based high‐performance carbon fiber composites.

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Water‐Mediated Epoxy/Surface Adhesion: Understanding the Interphase Region

Wand

Gibbon

Visser

et al. 2022

Chemistry A European J

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Epoxy resins coatings are commonly found in corrosion protection coatings but the presence of water can affect their adhesion to the substrate, often weakening the adhesion of the coating to the solid, reducing its efficiency. Nevertheless, small amounts of water can enhance the epoxy/ substrate interactions. In this work, the interphase region of an epoxy precursor and metal oxide substrates is investigated using molecular simulations and it is found that water accumulates between the epoxy layer and the solid substrate.At high water concentrations (9 wt %) the interaction between the epoxy precursor and the solid surface is weakened regardless of the nature of the solid, but at low water concentrations the nature of the solid surface becomes important. For hematite, the presence of water decreases the strength of adhesion but for goethite the presence of a small amount of water (3 wt %) enhances the adhesion to the surface resulting in a densification at the interface.

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Assessing the life cycle costs and environmental performance of lightweight materials in automobile applications

Cited by 303 publications

References 25 publications

A material selection approach to evaluate material substitution for minimizing the life cycle environmental impact of vehicles

A material selection approach to evaluate material substitution for minimizing the life cycle environmental impact of vehicles

Low‐temperature fast curable behavior and properties of bio‐based carbon fiber composites based on resveratrol

Water‐Mediated Epoxy/Surface Adhesion: Understanding the Interphase Region

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