Assessing self‐reported clinical high risk symptoms: The psychometric properties of the polish version of the prodromal questionnaire‐brief and a proposal for an alternative approach to scoring

Abstract

Background Psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) might occur in the general population as low‐risk individual differences or prodromal features, requiring quick detection and early intervention. The aims of this study were to conduct a mini‐systematic review of the prognostic abilities of the Prodromal Questionnaire‐Brief (PQ‐B), describe the PLEs distribution for the first time in a Polish population, assess PQ‐B reliability and propose an innovative scoring approach based on cluster analysis. Methods Five hundred and twenty eight (334 female) adult volunteers underwent screening with the PQ‐B, 49% also underwent the early psychosis screening test PRIME, to verify the tests' psychometric properties, to compare the prognostic accuracy of the PQ‐B to the more restrictive PRIME, and to the detected types of possible diagnosis in the general population. Results Almost 70% of respondents met the prognostic criteria of the PQ‐B while only 30.6% met the PRIME criteria. Both tests proved reliable (α > .835) and valid (rho >.710; P < .001). A cluster analysis identified three different sub‐groups detected with the PQ‐B: healthy individuals without PLE; healthy with low‐distressing PLEs; and possibly prodromal subjects reporting less frequent but more distressing PLEs and no worries about their own mental state. Also in systematic reviews, authors of different adaptations have observed that the PQ‐B has too low specificity and postulated the need for higher cut‐offs. Conclusion Study provides evidence of good reliability and sensitivity of the PQ‐B in assessing PLEs among the general population, but emphasizes that straightforward quantitative scoring criteria are still unclear. A more qualitative approach might be useful for differentiating true prodromal subjects from clinically low‐risk individual differences.

Disturbances in White Matter Integrity in the Ultra-High-Risk Psychosis State—A Systematic Review

“…The questionnaires differ in terms of their sensitivity (67–100%) and specificity (39–100%), administration (self-assessment vs. interview with a healthcare specialist), number of assessed parameters (6–92), and, finally, their purpose: some are designed to serve as general population screeners, others to identify UHR among help-seeking individuals. In addition, structured questionnaires have been developed to either screen for UHR syndromes, such as the Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms (SIPS) [ 14 , 15 ] or the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS) [ 16 ], or for the early signs of psychosis, the Bonn Scale for the Assessment of Basic Symptoms (BSABS) [ 17 ] and the Basel Screening Instrument for Psychosis (BSIP) [ 18 ].…”

The exacerbation of prodromal psychosis among healthy young adults in the context of stress and anxiety caused by the COVID-19 pandemic

“…W przypadku braku choroby objawy te określane są jako doświadczenia parapsychotyczne (ang. psychotic-like experience, PLE), które w lżejszym i bardziej adaptacyjnym nasileniu mogą ujawniać się jako różnice indywidualne występujące u ludzi zdrowych [2,3]. Objawami, które mogą świadczyć o pojawieniu się symptomów prodromalnych psychozy, są: zmiany w obrębie funkcji poznawczych (w tym trudności w koncentracji, obniżony poziom uwagi), pogorszenie samopoczucia, występowanie chaotycznych myśli i zachowań, labilność emocjonalna, spadek tolerancji stresu, poczucie utraty kontroli nad własnym życiem oraz ogólne pogorszenie funkcjonowania jednostki w życiu codziennym [4].…”