The COVID-19 pandemic has caused enormous confusion around the world in our daily existence. The security measures taken, such as physical distance, wearing a mask, quarantine or closing shopping malls, and even isolating large groups of the population, did not contribute to the complete overcoming of the problem. Information on the positive results of research into the COVID-19 vaccine and, finally, its administration offered hope that the pandemic would be overcome. The undertaken problem of research concerning the subjective analysis of the feelings of doctors in Poland after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine shows an important area of the medical world, which is directly responsible for their own health and the patients entrusted to them. In addition, 149 people participated in the study (8–13 February 2021), including 57% of women and 43% of men. The minimum and maximum age of the respondents are 26 and 69 years old. Furthermore, 85% of respondents took two doses of the vaccine and 15% took one. The authorial questionnaire was completed by the participants in the study online in February 2021. The results obtained indicate that the COVID-19 vaccine generates hope for stopping the pandemic. In addition, 96% of research participants think so. Doctors in middle and mature age are the most optimistic, while the youngest ones are less optimistic. In addition, 57% of respondents do not worry about side effects after taking the vaccine. Fear at the time of vaccination was experienced by over 9% of doctors. The most frequently reported post-vaccination reactions are injection site pain, fatigue and headache. Increased temperature occurred in older female respondents. From a psychosocial perspective, men are more likely to fear being infected personally with the virus, and women are more likely to be infected with their loved ones. The presented subjective assessment presents the physicians’ view captured at the moment in terms of existential and emotional. The presented feelings of the research participants reflect their personal satisfaction, responsibility for their own health, care for their relatives and patients.

Attitudes of students of health-related subjects towards the death are an important issue showing the behaviour and values ​​that guide young people in everyday interactions. The study was conducted using the Questionnaire About Attitudes Against Death (DAP-R-PL) among 309 students, including 150 Palestinian from the Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences and 159 Polish from the Faculty of Health Sciences. It was noticed that the attitude of Death Avoidance is higher in Palestinians than in Poles. The biggest difference between correlation indicators is for the factors fear of death and death avoidance (FD and DA). This value is positive for Palestinian respondents and negative for Polish respondents. The study confirms that the attitudes of students towards death from both universities in the perspective of 5 factors are positive and in future contacts with dying patients they will cope with this challenge.

Physical activity has a positive effect on the human body, well-being and mental health. This is confirmed by the results of studies which show that regular physical exercise has a beneficial effect not only on the cardiovascular, muscular and nervous systems, as well as on mental well-being. The Covid-19 pandemic, which affected society as a whole, changed our lives. The pandemic has a social and economic scope, increasing the number of stressful situations that affect well-being. Aim of the research: The aim of the undertaken research was to check the level of physical activity and well-being of medical and non-medical students during the pandemic. Material and methods: The research used the method of diagnostic survey, with the use of the proprietary questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) as well as a 36-point Health Survey were used.  The research group consisted of students of medical and non-medical faculties.  Results: The research confirmed a decrease in physical activity and a change in well-being in students of both faculties. The vast majority of students (80%) noticed a change in well-being during the pandemic. Half of the respondents (50%) undertake physical activity to improve their well-being, and over 60% of the students declared that physical activity helps them maintain their well-being during the pandemic. Conclusions: The results of the conducted research indicate a negative impact of the pandemic on the physical activity and well-being of the respondents.  There was a strong correlation between physical activity and the well-being of research participants. The greatest decrease in physical activity was observed in medical students (52.08%).  On the other hand, students of non-medical faculties (54.17%) showed a lower level of well-being, and higher medical students (45.83%).  It is advisable to take preventive measures through active physical activity in order to eliminate the negative effects of the pandemic.

The armed conflict in Ukraine has caused a lot of emotions around the world. Many countries have been involved in helping brutally attacked people, especially mothers and children. The versatile involvement of large powers is monitored and noticeable by the media. Active help from Poland is a very visible sign of human solidarity with the suffering Ukrainian nation. Open hearts, houses and institutions and humanitarian and medical aid are elements of Polish kindness and empathy. The aim of the research was to collect Poles’ opinions about the need to provide humanitarian aid to Ukrainians from the territories of the Russian–Ukrainian war. Capturing feelings of Poles towards Ukrainians during the war is an interesting issue that shows subjective opinions about the existential situation perceived in the space of mutual personal interactions. The results showing opinions on help were collected from a group of 1012 people throughout Poland with the help of an authorial questionnaire. The obtained data shows a positive attitude of Poles to Ukrainians. The most willing to help are people over 49 years old, more often with a good and very good financial situation. Respondents believe that general assistance from other countries and the European Parliament is not sufficient. Military support is accepted the most by the oldest participants of research, and less by the age group up to 30 years who support medical help more. More concerned about the ongoing conflict are respondents under the age of 30 and the least wealthy, including, more often, women. The richest respondents are least afraid of the effects of the ongoing Russian–Ukrainian conflict. The conducted research confirms the openness of Polish society to refugees and brings opinions about existential solidarity with the suffering Ukrainian nation.

Background. insomnia is described as an insufficient amount or quality of sleep that lasts for at least a month. sleeplessness in the group of professional drivers may lead to accidents and other road incidences. factors influencing the work of drivers include their work time -the amount of time they spend driving their vehicle. Objectives. the aim of the study was to estimate the frequency of the occurrence of insomnia among professional drivers, taking into consideration daytime sleepiness, socio-demographic variables and hourly work organization. Material and methods. study was conducted on 94 professional drivers from the zachodniopomorskie region: 25 (26.60%) paramedics, 24 (25.53%) police officers, 23 (24.47%) fire fighter drivers and 23 (24.47%) truck drivers. a questionnaire was used with the following components: athens insomnia scale (ais), epworth sleepiness scale (ess) and an original questionnaire containing questions regarding socio-demographic data and health behaviors. Results. insomnia was diagnosed in 12 professional drivers (12.77%). among them the majority were truck drivers -4 respondents (4.26%). a relationship between the age of respondents and occurrence of insomnia measured with the ais scale was found. a relationship between insomnia and drivers posing a threat to road traffic was also found (χ 2 = 19.95; p = 0.005). people suffering from moderate daytime sleepiness are 35 years old on average. Conclusions. drivers older than 35 and those with BMi above 28 are groups with the highest risk of suffering from insomnia. drivers with insomnia more frequently pose a threat to road traffic. drinking coffee has no impact on insomnia and daytime sleepiness. Key words: insomnia, drivers, epworth sleepiness scale, athens insomnia scale. Summary ISSN 1734-3402, eISSN 2449-8580this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution-noncommercial-sharealike 4.0 international (cc By-nc-sa 4.0). license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). Wolińska W, tatol p, zdziarski k, karpeta-pawlak ie, Mroczek B. occurrence of insomnia and daytime somnolence among professional drivers.

The article relates to a sense of coherence and styles of coping with stress in a group of students of medical and non-medical universities. In the first part, a brief characteristics of the specifics of studies and future student work from both types of universities were presented. The issue of a sense of coherence and coping with stress in research was approximated closer. The study used a life orientation questionnaire (SOC-29) examining the sense of coherence and a questionnaire of coping in stressful situations (CISS). The level of a sense of coherence and strategies to deal with stress from students from medical and non-medical universities were compared. With the use of SOC-29 and CISS questionnaires, a group of 145 people were examined. Among the respondents there were 72 students from medical universities and 73 students from non-medical universities. In a group of students from medical universities, it has been shown that the level of sense of coherence is significantly different from the level of sense of coherence of non-medical students. The style focused on emotions was most often used in both student groups. There is a relationship between a style focused on emotions and a sense of coherence. In the study groups, no relationship was shown between the style concentrated on avoidance and the sense of coherence. The level of sense of coherence of students from medical universities is significantly different from the level of sense of coherence of students from non-medical universities. Students from both universities most often use the style concentrated on emotions, less often task style. The style focused on emotions correlates at a high level with a sense of coherence. The style focused on avoidance does not correlate with a sense of coherence. A relationship between an emotional style of coping with stress and a low sense of coherence is visible.

W artykule podjęto próbę przedstawienia zależności między prężnością psychologiczną, a wypaleniem zawodowym nauczycieli szkół podstawowych, ponadpodstawowych oraz uczelni wyższych. W pierwszej części zostały przybliżone zagadnienia prężności psychicznej oraz wypalenia zawodowego. Do przeprowadzenia badania wykorzystano Kwestionariusz Oceny Prężności (KOP-26) i Kwestionariusz LBQ, który ocenia poziom wypalenia zawodowego.  Dalsza część artykułu przedstawia wyniki badań w obszarze zależności między prężnością psychiczną i jej składowymi (kompetencjami osobistymi, relacjami rodzinnymi oraz kompetencjami społecznymi) a syndromem wypalenia zawodowego. Nauczyciele  wykazali istotne różnice pod względem poziomu prężności psychicznej i  różnili się stopniem wypalenia zawodowego. Wykazano silną korelację pomiędzy prężnością psychiczną a wypaleniem zawodowym nauczycieli. Nie zauważono wyższego stopnia wypalenia zawodowego wśród nauczycieli niższych etapów nauczania.  Nauczyciele uczelni wyższych charakteryzowali się minimalnie wyższym stopniem wypalenia zawodowego. Ponadto wykazano, że wsparcie rodziny ma znaczący związek w niwelowaniu wypalenia zawodowego. We wnioskach wskazano potrzebę wprowadzenia profilaktyki wypalenia zawodowego wśród nauczycieli poprzez psychoedukację w zakresie umiejętności składających się na poszczególne elementy prężności psychicznej oraz pogłębienie badań wśród konkretnej grupy nauczycieli.

The COVID-19 pandemic has limited human freedom in many areas. Developing a COVID-19 vaccine has been a key task to contain the spread of the virus. In many countries, there is increasing concern about anti-vaccines due to complications after receiving the vaccine. The research problem concerns the opinions of Polish and Palestinian students after receiving vaccinations against COVID-19. This study involved 657 respondents (332 from Poland and 325 from Palestine) who completed the original questionnaire online. The respondents present two different cultures, embedded in different existential conditions, also in terms of health care, and especially the availability of vaccines. The obtained data indicate that almost 50% of research participants from both countries believe that vaccines are an effective antidote to the pandemic situation. Respondents in both populations believed that it was their personal choice to undergo vaccinations. The social motivation for vaccination in both groups was the desire to participate in public life, and the possibility of free travel for Poles, and the fear of infecting other people for Palestinians. The most common side effect reported after vaccination was pain at the site of the infection. Medical assistance was more often sought by respondents from Palestine. From an existential, psychosocial and health perspective, vaccines contributed to strengthening the vital forces in a large part of the population, allowed rebuilding social interactions and gave a sense of security in the daily functioning of a person.