Aspergillus Species and Their Associated Mycotoxins

Perrone, Giancarlo; Gallo, Antonia

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6707-0_3

Cited by 71 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is a toxin produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus , 1 has been extensively studied for its hepatotoxic and carcinogenic properties. 2 – 4 AFB1 is classified as a Group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer ( http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol56/mono56.pdf ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of aflatoxin B1 myocardial toxicity in rats: mitochondrial damage and cellular apoptosis in cardiomyocytes induced by aflatoxin B1

et al. 2017

J Int Med Res

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ObjectiveThe number of deaths from heart disease is increasing worldwide. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a toxin produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, is frequently detected in improperly processed/stored human food products. While AFB1 hepatotoxicity and carcinogenic properties have been well addressed, its myocardial toxicity is poorly documented. This study aimed to investigate myocardial toxic activity of AFB1.MethodsTen rats were fed with AFB1 at a dose that did not result in acute toxic reactions for 30 days and 10 vehicle-fed rats served as controls. Transmission electron microscopy was used to assess mitochondrial damage in cardiomyocytes. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated UTP nick-end labelling assay was performed to detect apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Western blotting was performed to measure apoptotic proteins (i.e., active caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2) in heart tissue.ResultsAFB1 treatment resulted in mitochondrial membrane disruption and disorganization of cristae, which are indicators of mitochondrial damage. Myocardial cell apoptosis was significantly higher after AFB1 treatment (22.07% ± 3.29%) compared with controls (6.27% ± 2.78%, P < 0.05). AFB1 treatment enhanced expression of active caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 in cardiac tissue.ConclusionVarious adverse effects are exerted by AFB1 on the heart, indicating AFB1 myocardial toxicity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of aflatoxin B1 myocardial toxicity in rats: mitochondrial damage and cellular apoptosis in cardiomyocytes induced by aflatoxin B1

et al. 2017

J Int Med Res

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“…The most common and known one is fumonisin B1. Fumonisin B1 is synthesized by F. verticillioide, F. proliferatum ve F. nygami (42,45). However, due to its absorption and kinetics properties, it is reported that meat and meat products are not important sources for public health (11).…”

Section: Fumonisinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Et ve Et Ürünlerinde Mikotoksin Tehlikesi

Kaynarca

Hecer

Ulusoy

2019

Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi

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Mycotoxin; is one of the problems threatening human and animal health in food industry. Mycotoxins have some serious harms on human health such as hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and estrogenic effects. Aflatoxin, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, fumonisins and tricotheenes are mycotoxins which have agricultural and economic importance.According to the studies on these toxins, it appears that meat and meat products play an important role in delivering toxins to humans. Regarding to the mechanism of seconder contamination of toxins to meat, it is important to apply good hygiene practice and good manufacturing practice in food industry. It is important to avoid feding the food animals with contaminated feed in order to prevent from primer contamination of meat with mycotoxins. Öz: Mikotoksinler; insan ve hayvan sağlığını tehdit eden sorunlardan birisidir. Mikotoksinlerin insan sağlığı üzerine hepatotoksik, nörotoksik, mutajenik, kanserojenik ve östrojenik gibi etkileri bulunmaktadır. Aflatoksin, okratoksin A, zearalenon, fumonisinler ve trikotesenler tarımsal ve ekonomik önemi olan mikotoksinlerdir. Bu toksinler üzerine yapılan araştırmalarda et ve et ürünlerinin toksinleri insanlara ulaştırmada önemli bir rol aldığı görülmektedir. Bunlar arasında aflatoksin ve okratoksinin sentezlenebilmesi için gerekli olan çevresel koşulların et ve et ürünleri tarafından oluşturulduğu görülmektedir. Et ve et ürünlerinin işlenmesinde sekonder kontaminasyonun önlenmesi adına hijyen koşullarının iyileştirilmesi bu konuda personelin bilgili ve bilinçli olması etlerde mikotoksin tehlikesinin ortadan kaldırılması için bir önlem olarak düşünülebilir. Et ve et ürünlerinin primer kontaminasyonun önlenmesi için hayvanların kontamine yemlerle beslenmesi engellenmelidir.

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“…It is classified as a saprophyte fungus, but it can also colonize plant tissues, so it could be also considered as an opportunistic plant pathogen. Furthermore due to its ability to produce aflatoxins its presence in foodstuff can be quite dangerous (Perrone and Gallo, 2017). So, the spoiled crops and stored grains by A. flavus have a very high impact on both health and economy (Bhatnagar-Mathur et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

XYLANASES AND PECTINASES OF Aspergillus flavus CECT-2687 ON DIFFERENT CARBON SOURCES AND INITIAL pH VALUES

Pradal¹

2018

Rev. Mex. Ing. Quim.

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Aspergillus flavus is a saprophytic opportunistic plant pathogen that infects crops and stored grains, in a process assisted by the action of enzymes, such as xylanases and pectinases. The enzymatic potential of A. flavus has not been addressed in detail, even when this knowledge could be useful for the understanding of the colonization dynamics during the grains spoilage by fungi, in order to find of strategies to control it. The effect of carbon source and pH on enzyme production was evaluated by growing A. flavus CECT-2687 in liquid cultures on different monosaccharides, polysaccharides or agricultural residues, at several initial pH values. The results showed a significant effect of pH, carbon source and the interaction of both factors. Xylanases were produced on monosaccharides, although the highest xylanolytic activities were obtained on agroindustrial xylan-rich residues. Exopectinases titers were similar on polysaccharides and agricultural residues, and were not observed on monosaccharides. Pectin lyases were produced on pectin and agricultural residues; and a pectin lyase of 27 kDa was identified in crude extracts of lemon peel cultures at initial pH of 8. The highest enzymatic productions were obtained on cultures with initial pH of 8. Keywords: xylanases, exopectinases, pectin lyases, agroindustrial residues, Aspergillus flavus CECT-2687. ResumenAspergillus flavus es saprofito y patógeno oportunista de cultivos y granos almacenados, en un proceso asistido por la acción de enzimas como xilanasas y pectinasas. El potencial enzimático de A. flavus no se ha abordado en detalle, incluso cuando este conocimiento podría ser útil para comprender la dinámica de colonización de granos por hongos y encontrar estrategias para su control. El efecto de la fuente de carbono y el pH sobre la producción de enzimas se evaluó cultivando A. flavus CECT-2687 en cultivos líquidos en diferentes monosacáridos, polisacáridos o residuos agrícolas, a diferentes valores de pH. Se encontró un efecto significativo del pH, la fuente de carbono y su interacción. Las xilanasas se produjeron en monosacáridos, las actividades más elevadas se obtuvieron en residuos agroindustriales ricos en xilano. Los títulos de exopectinasas fueron similares en polisacáridos y residuos agrícolas y no se observaron en monosacáridos. Las pectin liasas se produjeron en pectina y residuos agrícolas; y se identificó una pectina liasa de 27 kDa en extractos crudos de cultivos de cáscara de limón a pH inicial de 8. La mayor producción de todas las enzimas se observó en los cultivos con pH inicial de 8.

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Aspergillus Species and Their Associated Mycotoxins

Cited by 71 publications

References 47 publications

Assessment of aflatoxin B1 myocardial toxicity in rats: mitochondrial damage and cellular apoptosis in cardiomyocytes induced by aflatoxin B1

Assessment of aflatoxin B1 myocardial toxicity in rats: mitochondrial damage and cellular apoptosis in cardiomyocytes induced by aflatoxin B1

Et ve Et Ürünlerinde Mikotoksin Tehlikesi

XYLANASES AND PECTINASES OF Aspergillus flavus CECT-2687 ON DIFFERENT CARBON SOURCES AND INITIAL pH VALUES

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