Artificial Intelligence and Public Policy

Thierer, Adam D.; O'Sullivan, Andrea; Russell, R. Robert

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3046799

Cited by 28 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…In consideration of the ethical issues mentioned, category five contains articles that focus on AI government policies, elaborating restrictions according to laws and policies on research, as well as the development and usage of AI technologies (e.g. Boyd & Wilson, 2017;Scherer, 2016;Thierer, O'Sullivan Castillo, & Russell, 2017). Boyd and Wilson (2017), for instance, develop a practical approach for public authorities to implement AI technologies in New Zealand, demanding to create national and global norms for AI.…”

Section: Literature Review Of Ai Public Sector Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence and the Public Sector—Applications and Challenges

Wirtz

Weyerer

Geyer

2018

International Journal of Public Administration

501

224

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Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have attracted great attention from researchers and practitioners and have opened up a broad range of beneficial opportunities for AI usage in the public sector. Against this background, there is an emerging need for a holistic understanding of the range and impact of AI-based applications and associated challenges. However, previous research considers AI applications and challenges only in isolation and fragmentarily. Given the lack of a comprehensive overview of AI-based applications and challenges for the public sector, our conceptual approach analyzes and compiles relevant insights from scientific literature to provide an integrative overview of AI applications and related challenges. Our results suggest 10 AI application areas, describing their value creation and functioning as well as specific public use cases. In addition, we identify four major dimensions of AI challenges. We finally discuss our findings, deriving implications for theory and practice and providing suggestions fo r future research.

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Section: Literature Review Of Ai Public Sector Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence and the Public Sector—Applications and Challenges

Wirtz

Weyerer

Geyer

2018

International Journal of Public Administration

501

224

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…To limit the impact of such issues, efforts toward a governance of AI are starting to be undertaken, with the final aim of building a robust public trust . It should be noted that cultural differences between the European Union, the United States, and East Asian countries may likely result in dramatically different attitudes from a regulatory and governance point of view …”

Section: Ethics Issues and Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data anonymization is being commonly used to enhance privacy and security; nevertheless, patients retain rights on their anonymized data, which are subjected to strict regulations about storage, transmission and use, especially when data are used in a for‐profit environment. The recent introduction of the General Data Protection Regulation in the European Union considerably expanded the rights of the patients by adopting an explicit opt‐in policy regarding the permission for data processing; on the other side, it further enlarges the policy differences with the less strict United States, thus possibly strengthening the leading role of this country in AI innovation . Due to the large amounts of investments related to AI technologies and their potential economic consequences, policy makers and regulatory agencies need to take into account these aspects as well.…”

Section: Ethics Issues and Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial intelligence and machine learning in spine research

2019

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Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques are revolutionizing several industrial and research fields like computer vision, autonomous driving, natural language processing, and speech recognition. These novel tools are already having a major impact in radiology, diagnostics, and many other fields in which the availability of automated solution may benefit the accuracy and repeatability of the execution of critical tasks. In this narrative review, we first present a brief description of the various techniques that are being developed nowadays, with special focus on those used in spine research. Then, we describe the applications of AI and ML to problems related to the spine which have been published so far, including the localization of vertebrae and discs in radiological images, image segmentation, computer‐aided diagnosis, prediction of clinical outcomes and complications, decision support systems, content‐based image retrieval, biomechanics, and motion analysis. Finally, we briefly discuss major ethical issues related to the use of AI in healthcare, namely, accountability, risk of biased decisions as well as data privacy and security, which are nowadays being debated in the scientific community and by regulatory agencies.

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“…Bostrom and Yudkowsky (2014) highlighted the necessity of safeguarding AI solutions against adverse manipulation by humans. Thierer et al (2017) emphasized that data is the fundamental driver of AI systems. Therefore, low quality data is an area of concern for organizations (EY, 2018).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another challenge for adopting AI in governance is posed by AI's threat to replace the existing workforce (Boyd & Wilson, 2017). There is a common fear that AI will displace human workers and lead to unemployment (Mehr, 2017;Thierer et al, 2017). Employees fear that they might lose their jobs as AI enabled machines will take their places.…”

Section: Threat Of Replacement Of Human Workforcementioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence for Governance in India: Prioritizing the Challenges using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Gupta¹

2019

IJRTE

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The aim of the present study is to find the relative importance of related challenges of implementing artificial intelligence (AI) in governance within the context of India. Eight sub-dimensions of challenges categorized under three main dimensions are considered for prioritization. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology is employed to prioritize the challenges. The primary data pertaining to pair-wise comparisons of various factors and sub-factors has been obtained from 170 government officials by using convenience sampling. The results indicate that concerns related to data security, acquisition and storage are the major challenges in implementing AI assisted governance. Additionally, ethical considerations related to unethical use of data and lack of trust are other challenges which may act as barriers in diffusing AI in governance.

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Artificial Intelligence and Public Policy

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Artificial Intelligence and the Public Sector—Applications and Challenges

Artificial Intelligence and the Public Sector—Applications and Challenges

Artificial intelligence and machine learning in spine research

Artificial Intelligence for Governance in India: Prioritizing the Challenges using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

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