ARTIFICIAL ENGINEERING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICRO- AND NANOSCALE ELECTROMAGNETIC METAMATERIALS FOR THE THz SPECTRAL RANGE

Casse, B. D. F.; Moser, H. O.; Bahou, Mohammed; Lee, J. W.; Inglis, Steven R.; Jian, L. K.

doi:10.1142/s1793617908000070

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…9 shows a spectrum of one of the original nano rod-split-ring resonators with r=90 nm and d=80 nm. The record frequency measured, 216 THz, corresponds to the near infrared telecommunication wavelength of 1.39 µm [14]. With electron beam writing, resist structures can be made so small that their resonance would fall into the visible.…”

Section: Structures Manufactured and Their Spectral Performancementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Straight lines for r hold for different values of the ratio d/r of annular gap d to radius r, namely 0.13 and 1.0. Measured values reported in literature represent: • [13] with d/r=0.13, ♦ [5] with 0.3<d/r<1, □ [14]. The saturation surface plasmon frequency ν sp for Au is also indicated as derived from the bulk plasmon frequency divided by [15,16].…”

Section: Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 10 shows a case which has a calculated resonance frequency of about 700 THz [14]. However, the lift-off process to obtain clear metal structures was not successful.…”

Section: Structures Manufactured and Their Spectral Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Manufacturing Metamaterials Using Synchrotron Lithography

Moser

Jian

Kalaiselvi

et al. 2010

Advances in Science and Technology

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The function of metamaterials relies on their resonant response to electromagnetic waves in characteristic spectral bands. To make metamaterials homogeneous, the size of the basic resonant element should be less than 10% of the wavelength. For the THz range up to the visible, structure details of 50 nm to 30 μm are required as are high aspect ratios, tall heights, and large areas. For such specifications, lithography, in particular, synchrotron radiation deep X-ray lithography, is the method of choice. X-ray masks are made via primary pattern generation by means of electron or laser writing. Several different X-ray masks and accurate mask-substrate alignment are necessary for architectures requiring multi-level lithography. Lithography is commonly followed by electroplating of metallic replica. The process can also yield mould inserts for cost-effective manufacture by plastic moulding. We made metamaterials based on rod-split-rings, split-cylinders, S-string bi-layer chips, and S-string meta-foils. Left-handed resonance bands range from 2.4 to 216 THz. Latest is the all-metal self-supported flexible meta-foil with pass-bands of 45% up to 70% transmission at 3.4 to 4.5 THz depending on geometrical parameters.

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Section: Structures Manufactured and Their Spectral Performancementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manufacturing Metamaterials Using Synchrotron Lithography

Moser

Jian

Kalaiselvi

et al. 2010

Advances in Science and Technology

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“…Present day electromagnetic metamaterials in the THz range usually come as composite materials with micro/nanometer range metallic elements, the so-called inclusions, embedded in a plastic matrix or deposited on a dielectric substrate. Figure 1 shows a few selected samples of metamaterials starting with the original GHz rod-splitring materials designed and realized by Pendry et al [8], Smith et al [9,10], and extending to near infrared and optical frequencies [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Furthermore, latest developments like the free-standing bi-layer chip [15,16] and, more so, the meta-foil [19] rely on completely self-supported metamaterials that do no longer need matrices or substrates, thus avoiding constraints of their functionality due to dielectric host materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D THz metamaterials from micro/nanomanufacturing

Moser

Rockstuhl

2011

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Metamaterials are engineered composite materials offering unprecedented control of wave propagation. Despite their complexity, effective properties can frequently be extracted by conceptualizing them as homogeneous and isotropic media with dispersive electric permittivity and magnetic permeability. For an ideal isotropic medium, strong dispersion in these properties causes wave and field vectors to form a left-handed (E,H,k)-frame involving backward waves, and offering control of quantities like the refractive index which may become negative. Experimental evidence exists from microwaves to the visible. Applications include sub-wavelength-resolution imaging, invisibility cloaking, plasmonics-based lasers, metananocircuits, and omnidirectional absorbers. As the engineered sub-structures must be smaller than their design wavelength, micro/nanomanufacturing is exploited from primary pattern generation over lithography to templating and molecular beam epitaxy. 3D metamaterials have been made by stacking of layers, multilayer structuring, and 3D primary pattern generation. Theory shows that full properties may build up over one or a very few layers.

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“…In given frequency ranges, it can behave like a material with negative electric permittivity and/or negative magnetic permeability. Examples of metamaterials [25,26,27,12] include superconductors and left-handed materials. Due to the sign change between a classical material and a metamaterial, the usual mathematical approaches fail to resolve the corresponding electromagnetic models.…”

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confidence: 99%

Compact Imbeddings in Electromagnetism with Interfaces between Classical Materials and Metamaterials

Chesnel¹,

Ciarlet²

2011

SIAM J. Math. Anal.

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In a metamaterial, the electric permittivity and/or the magnetic permeability can be negative in given frequency ranges. We investigate the solution of the time-harmonic Maxwell equations in a composite material, made up of classical materials, and metamaterials with negative electric permittivity, in a two-dimensional bounded domain Ω. We study the imbedding of the space of electric fields into L 2 (Ω) 2 . In particular, we extend the famous result of Weber, proving that it is compact. This result is obtained by studying the regularity of the fields. We first isolate their most singular part, using a decompositionà la Birman and Solomyak. With the help of the Mellin transform, we prove that this singular part belongs to H s (Ω) 2 for some s > 0. Finally, we show that the compact imbedding result holds as soon as no ratio of permittivities between two adjacent materials is equal to −1. Introduction.We consider the solution of the time-harmonic Maxwell equations in a composite material. A composite material is modeled by nonconstant electric permittivity ε and magnetic permeability μ. The variations of ε and μ can be smooth or piecewise smooth. Recently, some new composites appeared, including classical materials and metamaterials. A metamaterial exhibits special properties. In given frequency ranges, it can behave like a material with negative electric permittivity and/or negative magnetic permeability. Examples of metamaterials [25,26,27,12] include superconductors and left-handed materials. Due to the sign change between a classical material and a metamaterial, the usual mathematical approaches fail to resolve the corresponding electromagnetic models. In other words, these composites raise challenging questions, both from mathematical and numerical points of view.In this paper, we focus on an essential tool for studying time-harmonic Maxwell equations in a bounded (connected) domain Ω of R d (d is the space dimension), which is the compact imbedding of the space of electric fields in L 2 (Ω) d . This result is indeed a key ingredient to solving the two instances of time-harmonic equations, namely, the source problem (sustained vibrations) and the eigenvalue problem (free vibrations).If the domain of interest is surrounded by a perfect conductor, a functional space for electric fields, X N (Ω, ε), appears. It is made up of vector fields v that belong to L 2 (Ω) d , and such that curl v ∈ L 2 (Ω) d , div (εv) ∈ L 2 (Ω), and v × n = 0 on ∂Ω, where n is the unit outward normal vector to ∂Ω.Our main objective is to find an extension of the Weber compact imbedding theorem in the case of a composite material including classical and negative metamaterials. In the landmark paper [28], Weber proved that X N (Ω, ε) is compactly

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ARTIFICIAL ENGINEERING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICRO- AND NANOSCALE ELECTROMAGNETIC METAMATERIALS FOR THE THz SPECTRAL RANGE

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Manufacturing Metamaterials Using Synchrotron Lithography

Manufacturing Metamaterials Using Synchrotron Lithography

3D THz metamaterials from micro/nanomanufacturing

Compact Imbeddings in Electromagnetism with Interfaces between Classical Materials and Metamaterials

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