Articular/epiphyseal osteochondrosis in Thoroughbred foals at 5 months of age: Influences of growth of the foal and prenatal copper supplementation of the dam

Gee, Erica K.; Firth, E. C.; Morel, P. C. H.; Fennessy, P. F.; Grace, N. D.; Mogg, T D

doi:10.1080/00480169.2005.36591

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The results were always highly joint dependent. The low correlation of DOD to BW or BW gain in this experiment was consistent with previous results in the horse [9,18,39]. Cannon width and HW have been scarcely tested for correlation to DOD in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Effect of fast vs. moderate growth rate related to nutrient intake on developmental orthopaedic disease in the horse

et al. 2006

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-Osteochondrosis and other developmental orthopaedic diseases (DOD) constitute major problems in the horse industry. High food allowances and fast growth might be contributory factors. The aim of this experiment was to test the effect of high balanced nutrient allowances and associated fast growth, on the prevalence of several DOD. This study was carried out from birth to one year of age. Foals of a high feeding group (HL, n = 20) were fed 130% (0 to 2 months) and 150% (2 to 12 months) of the moderate level group (ML, n = 19, 100% of INRA recommendations). All foals were radiographed at 5.5 and 11 months, and 8 foals from each group were necropsied at 12 months of age for gross inspection of joints. Body weight, height at withers and cannon width were higher at 12 months in the HL group (+88.4 kg, +4.6 cm, and +2.1 mm respectively). The gains in body weight were 1254 and 873 g per day in the HL and ML respectively during the 0-6 month period, and 668 and 528 g per day in the HL and ML respectively during the 7-12 months period. The occurrence and severity of limb DOD were not statistically different in the HL and ML groups. Fast growth was positively correlated to the occurrence of some DOD lesions, but the body weight was more weakly correlated to the prevalence of DOD than cannon width or height at withers. The power of correlation varied for different types or localisations of lesion. In conclusion, high balanced feeding level was not a sufficient factor in our study, but fast development was a factor of risk for DOD. The lower correlations obtained with body weight do not support the theory that biomechanical limb loading due to increased bodyweight alone increases risk for osteochondrosis. High endomembranous or endochondral ossification rate would be more critical in causing DOD. La présence et la gravité des AOAJ des membres n'ont pas été statistiquement différentes dans les deux groupes. Une croissance rapide a été associée à la présence de certaines AOAJ, mais le poids vif a été moins fortement corrélé à la prévalence des AOAJ que la largeur du canon ou la hauteur au garrot. La puissance des corrélations dépendait de la localisation des lésions. En conclusion, des apports nutritionnels élevés et équilibrés n'ont pas suffi à induire des AOAJ, alors que le format et/ou la croissance ont été des facteurs de risque. L'hypothèse du seul effet mécanique lié à la surcharge pondérale pour justifier l'apparition des AOAJ n'est pas vérifiée par cette étude. En revanche, une intense ossification intramembraneuse ou endochondrale induite pourrait constituer un facteur déterminant de l'apparition des AOAJ.cheval / nutrition / croissance / développement / ostéochondrose

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Effect of fast vs. moderate growth rate related to nutrient intake on developmental orthopaedic disease in the horse

et al. 2006

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“…Progression of these primary lesions may lead to further damage of the joint with cartilage flaps and osteochondral fragments. The development of OC/OCD seems to be multifactorial including genetic predisposition, exercise , endocrinological and nutritional factors and growth rate in foals .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic risk factors for osteochondrosis in various horse breeds

Naccache

Metzger

Distl

2018

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Osteochondrosis (OC) is an injury to cartilage canals with a following necrosis in the growth cartilage, from there it can develop to osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD). Due to its high impact in the equine industry, new insights into predisposing factors and potential high-risk genetic variants are warranted. This article reviews advancements in quantitative and molecular genetics in refining estimation of genetic parameters and identifying predisposing genetic loci. Heritabilities were highest for hock OC with estimates at 0.29-0.46 in Hanoverian warmblood and Norwegian trotters, whereas in Thoroughbreds only very low genetic variation seemed to be present in hock OC lesions. Whole genome scans using the Illumina Equine SNP50 or SNP70 Beadchip were performed in Thoroughbred, Standardbred, French and Norwegian trotter, Hanoverian and Dutch warmblood. Validation studies in Spanish Purebred and Hanoverian warmblood horses corroborated OC risk loci on ECA 3, 14, 27 and 29. Particularly, a strong association with hock-OCD was found for a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on horse chromosome (ECA) 3 upstream to the LCORL gene. Gene expression and microRNA analyses may be helpful to understand pathophysiological processes in equine OC and to connect OCD-associated genomic regions with potential candidate genes. Furthermore progress in elucidating the underlying genetic variants and pathophysiological changes in OC may be expected from whole genome DNA and RNA next-generation sequencing studies.

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“…The studies by Bridges et al 10 and Hurtig et al 45 indicated that osteochondrosis could be the result of copper deficiencyinduced reduced collagen crosslinking, but in later studies, it has been difficult to influence prevalence 30,31 and impossible to eradicate osteochondrosis through copper supplementation alone. 17,89 There is some evidence to suggest that a high copper status at birth is associated with an increased proportion of lesions undergoing spontaneous resolution, 54,118 but the conclusion of the most recently published study was that the role of copper in the pathogenesis of osteochondrosis remains poorly understood.…”

Section: What Is the Relationship Between The Studies Of Ischemic Chomentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on the Pathogenesis of Osteochondrosis

2015

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Osteochondrosis is defined as a focal disturbance in endochondral ossification. The cartilage superficial to an osteochondrosis lesion can fracture, giving rise to fragments in joints known as osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD). In pigs and horses, it has been confirmed that the disturbance in ossification is the result of failure of the blood supply to epiphyseal growth cartilage and associated ischemic chondronecrosis. The earliest lesion following vascular failure is an area of ischemic chondronecrosis at an intermediate depth of the growth cartilage (osteochondrosis latens) that is detectable ex vivo, indirectly using contrast-enhanced micro-and conventional computed tomography (CT) or directly using adiabatic T1r magnetic resonance imaging. More chronic lesions of ischemic chondronecrosis within the ossification front (osteochondrosis manifesta) are detectable by the same techniques and have also been followed longitudinally in pigs using plain CT. The results confirm that lesions sometimes undergo spontaneous resolution, and in combination, CT and histology observations indicate that this occurs by filling of radiolucent defects with bone from separate centers of endochondral ossification that form superficial to lesions and by phagocytosis and intramembranous ossification of granulation tissue that forms deep to lesions. Research is currently aimed at discovering the cause of the vascular failure in osteochondrosis, and studies of spontaneous lesions suggest that failure is associated with the process of incorporating blood vessels into the advancing ossification front during growth. Experimental studies also show that bacteremia can lead to vascular occlusion. Future challenges are to differentiate between causes of vascular failure and to discover the nature of the heritable predisposition for osteochondrosis.

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Articular/epiphyseal osteochondrosis in Thoroughbred foals at 5 months of age: Influences of growth of the foal and prenatal copper supplementation of the dam

Cited by 28 publications

References 40 publications

Effect of fast vs. moderate growth rate related to nutrient intake on developmental orthopaedic disease in the horse

Effect of fast vs. moderate growth rate related to nutrient intake on developmental orthopaedic disease in the horse

Genetic risk factors for osteochondrosis in various horse breeds

An Update on the Pathogenesis of Osteochondrosis

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