Summary Because the majority of foals afflicted with “joint ill” also have infectious (poly)osteomyelitis, previous definitions no longer suffice. In this article the different syndromes are described and classified and the pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment of the disease complex are discussed. Résumé Puisque la majorité des foals souffrant “d'arthrite” ont aussi des (poly) ostéomyélites, les définitions jusqu'a à présent retenues ne conviennent plus. Dans cet article, les différents syndromes sont décrits, classés, et la pathogénèse, le pronostic et le traitement du complexe morbide sont discutés. Zusammenfassung Weil die Mehrheit aller Fohlen mit “joint ill” (annähernd gleich “Fohlenlähme”) auch an infektiöser (Poly)Osteomyelitis leidet, lassen sich die früheren Definitionen nicht länger verwenden. In diesem Artikel werden die verschiedenen Syndrome beschrieben und klassiert. Die Pathogenese, die Prognose und die Behandlung des Krankheitskomplexes werden diskutiert.
Bone responded rapidly to early training. The data provide reference values and sites for use in longitudinal studies of commercial training regimens.
SummaryReasons for performing study: There is increasing evidence that exercise early in life has a positive effect on musculoskeletal health. At present, there is little whole population research investigating the effect of racing as 2-year-olds on future racing career. Objectives: To investigate the association between attaining training milestones as 2-year-olds with length of career and racing success in Thoroughbred horses in New Zealand. Methods: Retrospective data were obtained of the 2001/02-born Thoroughbred foal crop. The 3 training milestones were: registered with a trainer, trialled and raced. The association of the training milestones with career length was measured using the outcomes: number of race starts and number of years raced, in a Cox regression model. Logistic regression models analysed the association of the training milestones with the outcomes: won or placed in a race. Linear regression was performed to assess the association of training milestones with total career earnings. Results: Of 4683 horses in the population; 3152 horses were registered with a trainer, 2661 horses trialled and 2109 horses raced. Horses that raced as 2-year-olds had significantly (P<0.001) more race starts than those first raced as 3-year-olds or older, this was also true when the 2-year-old year data were omitted. Horses that raced as 2-year-olds had significantly (P<0.001) more years racing. Horses registered with a trainer, trialled or raced as 2-year-olds were more likely to have won or been placed in a race than those that achieved the milestones as 3-year-olds or older. Horses that first trialled and raced as 2-year-olds had greater total earnings than those that first trialled or raced at a later age. Conclusions and potential relevance: Two-year-old training milestones had a strong association with positive racing career outcomes. Horses in training or racing as 2-year-olds may have better musculoskeletal health throughout life than horses that are first in training or racing at a later age.
Ewe size, pregnancy nutrition and pregnancy rank are known to affect the productive performance of ewes and their offspring. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of two nutritional regimens, from day 21 to day 140 of pregnancy, in singleton-and twin-bearing ewes of two different mean weights, taken from a single flock. The study included Large ewes offered Ad lib (Large-Ad lib, n= 151), Large ewes offered Maintenance (Large-Maintenance, n = 153), Small ewes offered Ad lib (Small-Ad lib, n = 155) and Small ewes offered Maintenance (Small-Maintenance, n = 153) that were either singleton-or twin-bearing. During the period day 21 to day 140 Maintenance and Ad lib feeding regimens included Large and Small ewes and singleton-and twin-bearing ewes. At days 1 and 140 of pregnancy Large ewes were heavier (P < 0.05) and of greater (P < 0.05) body condition than Small ewes. Similarly, at days 1 and 140 of pregnancy twin-bearing ewes were heavier (P < 0.05) than single-bearing ewes. At day 1 of pregnancy there was no difference in ewe liveweight and body condition scores between Maintenance and Ad lib-fed ewes, but by day 140 ewes in the Ad lib regimen were heavier (P < 0.05) and had greater (P < 0.05) body condition than Maintenance ewes. There was an interaction (P < 0.05) between ewe nutritional regimen and lamb birth rank for lamb birth weight such that twin lambs born to Maintenance regimen ewes were lighter (P < 0.05) than their counterparts born to Ad lib ewes (4.52 ± 0.06 versus 5.23 ± 0.06 kg respectively). This relationship was not observed in singletons. There was also an interaction (P < 0.05) between ewe size and nutritional regimen for lamb birthweight. Birth weights did not differ between lambs born to either Small or Large ewes on the Ad lib feeding regimen. However, lambs born to Small ewes on the Maintenance feeding regimen were lighter (P < 0.05) than their counterparts born to Large ewes (5.09 ± 0.07 versus 5.37 ± 0.07 kg respectively). At day 100 of lactation lambs born to Large ewes were heavier (P < 0.05) than those born to Small ewes (32.65 ± 0.37 versus 31.16 ± 0.35 kg respectively) and those born to Ad lib ewes were heavier (P < 0.05) than those born to Maintenance ewes (32.77 ± 0.37 versus 31.03 ± 0.36 kg respectively). This study shows that level of dam pregnancy nutrition has a greater effect on twin-born lambs than their singleton-born counterparts. Furthermore, the data suggests that the heavier liveweights at weaning of lambs born to Large ewes may not have compensated for their dams' greater nutritional requirements compared to their smaller counterparts.
SUMMARY The findings in 6 experimental and 1 natural case of Horner's Syndrome (HS) are presented. The experimental cases were induced by unilateral surgical section of the cervical sympathetic trunk in the middle third of the neck. The naturally occurring case was seen in a 17 year old gelding with a mediastinal tumour. The signs of HS in these horses included ptosis, miosis, enophthalmos, hemilateral sweating and temperature increase of the face and cranial cervical region on the affected side. The intensity of these signs was variable between and within animals. Miosis, enophthalmos and temperature difference were sometimes difficult to discern. Clinically the recognition of HS is important in the localization of lesions, and when accompanied by nasal haemorrhage is highly suggestive of guttural pouch mycosis. RÉSUMÉ Les observations de six cas expérimentaux et d'un cas naturel de syndrôme de HORNER sont indiquées. Les cas expérimentaux furent induits par la section chirurgicale unilatérale du rameau cervical sympathique au tiers moyen de l'encolure. Le cas clinique fut observé chez un cheval hongre de 17 ans présentant une tumeur médiastinale. Les signes cliniques du syndrome sont la ptose palpébrale, le myosis, l'enophtalmie, une sudation hémilatérale et une élévation de la température de la face et de la région cranio cervicale du côté affligé. L'intensité des signes cliniques variait avec chaque individu et pour un même individu. Le myosis, l'enophtalmie et l'hyperthermie furent parfois difficilement discernables. L'identification du syndrome est importante pour aiderà situer certaines lésions. En outre, lorsqu'une hémorragie nasale est surajoutéeà ce syndrome, le tout suggère l'existence d'une mycose de la poche gutturale. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Befunde von sechs experimentellen und einem natürlichen Fall von Horner's Syndrom (HS) werden beschrieben. Die experimentelle Erkrankung wurde hervorgerufen durch die unilateral chirurgische Durchtrennung des Halssympathicus im mittleren Halsdrittel. Der natürliche Fall wurde bei einem 17 jährigen Wallachen mit einem Mediastinaltumor beobachtet. Die Anzeichen von HS umfassten Ptosis, Miosis, Enophthalmus, hemilaterales Schwitzen und einen Temperaturanstieg im Gesicht und in der cranialen Halsgegend der befallenen Seite. Die Intensität der Symptome variierte unter den Pferden aber auch beim individuellen Tier. Miosis, Enophthalmus und Temperaturunterschiede waren manchmal schwer nachzuweisen. Klinisch ist die Erkennung von HS wichtig für die Lokalisierung von Läsionen; wenn die Anzeichen begleitet sind von Nasenbluten, spricht das füu eine Luftsackmycose.
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