An Update on the Pathogenesis of Osteochondrosis

Olstad, Kristin; Ekman, Stina; Carlson, Cathy S.

doi:10.1177/0300985815588778

Cited by 88 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…; Olstad et al. ). It is defined as a disturbance of endochondral ossification that occurs multi‐focally at predilection sites and can develop both in the physis and in the epiphyseal growth cartilage (Ytrehus et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cartilage canals in the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia of fetuses and foals are surrounded by different types of collagen

et al. 2017

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Some epiphyseal growth cartilage canals are surrounded by a ring of hypereosinophilic matrix consisting of collagen type I. Absence of the collagen type I ring may predispose canal vessels to failure and osteochondrosis, which can lead to fragments in joints (osteochondrosis dissecans). It is not known whether the ring develops in response to programming or biomechanical force. The distribution that may reveal the function of the ring has only been described in the distal femur of a limited number of foals. It is also not known which cells are responsible for producing the collagen ring. The aims of the current study were to examine fetuses and foals to infer whether the ring forms in response to biomechanical force or programming, to describe distribution and to investigate which cell type produces the ring. The material consisted of 46 fetuses and foals from 293 days of gestation to 142 days old, of both sexes and different breeds, divided into three groups, designated the naïve group up to and including the day of birth, the adapting group from 2 days up to and including 14 days old, and the loaded group from 15 days and older. The distal tibia was sawn into parasagittal slabs and the cranial half of the central slab from the intermediate ridge was examined by light microscopy and immunohistochemical staining for collagen type I. Presence, completeness and location of the collagen ring was compared, as was the quantity of perivascular mesenchymal cells. An eosinophilic ring present on HE‐stained sections was seen in every single fetus and foal examined, which corresponded to collagen type I in immunostained sections. A higher proportion of cartilage canals were surrounded by an eosinophilic ring in the naïve and adapting groups at 73 and 76%, respectively, compared with the loaded group at 51%. When considering only patent canals, the proportion of canals with an eosinophilic ring was higher in the adapting and loaded than the naïve group of foals. The ring was present around 90 and 81% of patent canals in the deep and middle layers, respectively, compared with 58% in the superficial layer, and the ring was more often complete around deep compared with superficial canals. The ring was absent or partial around chondrifying canals. When an eosinophilic ring was present around patent canals, it was more common for the canal to contain one or more layers of perivascular mesenchymal cells rather than few to no layers. It was also more common for the collagen ring to be more complete around canals that contained many as opposed to few mesenchymal cells. In conclusion, the proportion of cartilage canals that had an eosinophilic ring was similar in all three groups of fetuses and foals, indicating that the presence of the collagen ring was mostly programmed, although some adaptation was evident. The ring was more often present around deep, compared with superficial canals, indicating a role in preparation for ossification. The collagen ring appeared to be produced by perivascular mesenchymal cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cartilage canals in the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia of fetuses and foals are surrounded by different types of collagen

et al. 2017

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“…After the formation of necrotic growth cartilage, reparative attempts by viable chondrocytes and vasculature ensue that may or may not be successful. The level of lesion formation combined with the successfulness of reparative attempts determine final clinical outcome (reviewed by Laverty and Girard (2013); McCoy et al (2013); Olstad et al (2015)). This study was only able to find significant effects of carbohydrate treatment on OC prevalence in the knee joint.…”

Section: Treatment Effects On Osteochondrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a high carbohydrate diet and arginine supplementation during the rearing period of gilts on osteochondrosis prevalence at slaughter

et al. 2016

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“…51 Inherited traits are important predisposing factors for the development of OC in domestic pigs. 2,31,34,36,51 In the few studies that have been done, the wild boar (Sus scrofa ferus), the closest ancestor to the domestic pig, is suggested to have no or only a very low frequency of articular OC. 11,30 The etiological factors that contribute to such a potentially large difference in OC prevalence between members of the same species are poorly understood.…”

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confidence: 99%

Osteochondrosis, Synovial Fossae, and Articular Indentations in the Talus and Distal Tibia of Growing Domestic Pigs and Wild Boars

et al. 2017

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Articular osteochondrosis (OC) often develops in typical locations within joints, and the characterization of OC distribution in the pig tarsus is incomplete. Prevalence of OC is high in domestic pigs but is presumed to be low in wild boars. Postmortem and computed tomography (CT) examinations of the talus and distal tibia from 40 domestic pigs and 39 wild boars were evaluated for the locations and frequencies of OC, synovial fossae, and other articular indentations, and frequency distribution maps were made. All domestic pigs but only 5 wild boars (13%) had OC on the talus. In domestic pigs, OC consistently affected the axial aspect of the medial trochlea tali in 11 (28%) joints and the distomedial talus in 26 (65%) joints. In wild boars, all OC lesions consistently affected the distomedial talus. On the articular surface of the distal tibia, all domestic pigs and 34 wild boars (87%) had synovial fossae and 7 domestic pigs (18%) had superficial cartilage fibrillation opposite an OC lesion (kissing lesion). Other articular indentations occurred in the intertrochlear groove of the talus in all domestic pigs and 13 wild boars (33%) and were less common on the trochlea tali. The prevalence of tarsal OC in wild boars is low. In domestic pigs and wild boars, OC is typically localized to the distomedial talus and in domestic pigs also to the medial trochlea tali. Further investigations into the reasons for the low OC prevalence in wild boars may help in developing strategies to reduce OC incidence in domestic pigs.

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An Update on the Pathogenesis of Osteochondrosis

Cited by 88 publications

References 103 publications

Cartilage canals in the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia of fetuses and foals are surrounded by different types of collagen

Cartilage canals in the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia of fetuses and foals are surrounded by different types of collagen

Effects of a high carbohydrate diet and arginine supplementation during the rearing period of gilts on osteochondrosis prevalence at slaughter

Osteochondrosis, Synovial Fossae, and Articular Indentations in the Talus and Distal Tibia of Growing Domestic Pigs and Wild Boars

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