Articular and Artificial Cartilage, Characteristics, Properties and Testing Approaches—A Review

Mostakhdemin, Mohammad; Nand, Ashveen V.; Ramezani, Maziar

doi:10.3390/polym13122000

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 184 publications

(222 reference statements)

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“…A lower applied load led to a shorter transition to steady-state for SN hydrogels. This increase in COF has been attributed to a loss of interstitial fluid support with time (Mostakhdemin et al 2021). Table 3 depicts the mean COF values for various test conditions.…”

Section: Swelling Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Tribological Analysis of Polyacrylamide/Alginate Hybrid Hydrogels for Potential Cartilage Treatment

Kanca¹,

AVCIOĞLU²,

HOPKİNS³

et al. 2022

Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering

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In this study, polyacrylamide/alginate (PAAm/Alg) based hydrogels have been synthesized and investigated. The four different hydrogels produced contained different concentrations of single-or double-network polymer: 15 wt.% single-network (SN-15), 30 wt.% single-network (SN-30), 15 wt.% double-network (DN-15), and 30 wt.% double-network (DN-30). The tribological performance of these synthesized hydrogels was investigated by using a custom pin-on-disc tribometer in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), where samples were reciprocated against a CoCrMo femoral head under an applied load of 5 or 10 N, at an average sliding speed of 20 mms -1 , and body temperature (37±1 °C). The compressive tangent modulus was also determined by compressing samples at a strain rate of 1 min -1 , while submerged in PBS, at both ambient and body temperatures. The results showed that a higher polymer concentration or a double-network type of structure led to improved friction (lower friction co-efficient) and wear (lower wear track area) properties. Samples also performed better when a lower applied load used. Sample DN-30 exhibited the highest compressive modulus. These outcomes have contributed to the understanding of the mechanical and tribological performance of PAAm/Alg blend hydrogels when performing under certain physiological conditions.

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Section: Swelling Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Tribological Analysis of Polyacrylamide/Alginate Hybrid Hydrogels for Potential Cartilage Treatment

Kanca¹,

AVCIOĞLU²,

HOPKİNS³

et al. 2022

Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering

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“…The mechanical characteristics of the cartilage also warrant targeted approaches, as they are crucial to articular functions. These include the reconstruction of their biomechanical characteristics and their efficiently lubricated surfaces [ 100 , 101 ]. Articular cartilage is composed of water, type II collagen, and proteoglycan.…”

Section: Limitations and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Biomaterial-Mediated Gene Therapy for Articular Cartilage Repair

et al. 2022

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Articular cartilage defects caused by various reasons are relatively common in clinical practice, but the lack of efficient therapeutic methods remains a substantial challenge due to limitations in the chondrocytes’ repair abilities. In the search for scientific cartilage repair methods, gene therapy appears to be more effective and promising, especially with acellular biomaterial-assisted procedures. Biomaterial-mediated gene therapy has mainly been divided into non-viral vector and viral vector strategies, where the controlled delivery of gene vectors is contained using biocompatible materials. This review will introduce the common clinical methods of cartilage repair used, the strategies of gene therapy for cartilage injuries, and the latest progress.

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“…[ 52 ] Thus, composition and structure can severely affect the mechanical properties of tibial cartilage, which is also why the mechanical properties are similar but inconsistent at different depths and in different regions. [ 53 ] The underlying reasons are the uneven distribution of cartilage components as well as the structural differences.…”

Section: Biomechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Composition–Structure–Function Properties and Tissue Engineering Strategies of Articular Cartilage: Compare Condyle Process and Knee Joint

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Adv Eng Mater

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Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and knee joint are two of the most important joints in human body. The TMJ, connecting mandible and skull, regulates mandibular movement. The movable circular upper end of the mandible is called condyle, and the upper concave part above the condyle is called articular fossa. Between condyle and articular fossa is a disc composed of fibrocartilage, which is called articular disc. The articular disc has a buffering effect of absorbing pressure, which makes the condyle easy to move in opening, closing, and chewing movement. [1][2][3] Knee joint is the largest and most complex joint in human body, composed of lower tibia, upper femur, and patella. Placed between the articular surfaces of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur and tibia, the semilunar fibrocartilage structure, called meniscus, can buffer the vibration of the joint and avoid direct bone friction. [4] The condylar cartilage of TMJ and the tibial cartilage of knee joint are highly comparable because they are in similar positions and mechanical environment. The superficial layer of condylar cartilage is fibrocartilage, and its deeper layer is hyaline-like cartilage. The hyaline cartilage rich in proteoglycan is covered with surface fibrocartilage layer rich in collagen. [5] However, the tibial artilage is consistent with most articular cartilage and belongs to hyaline cartilage.In terms of biomechanics, there are differences and similarities in the test methods of condylar cartilage and tibial plateau cartilage. Both use dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA) and nanoindentation technology to analyze the modulus of cartilage under dynamic compression, and establish finite element models to simulate the biomechanical state of real cartilage. [6,7] For condylar cartilage, indentation creep test is often used to test its compressive properties, which is a way to extract the data of aggregate modulus, Poisson's ratio, and solid matrix permeability by fitting creep data with curves. [8] Other research methods, such as dynamic small strain shear test using automatic dynamic viscoelastometer, have also been applied to measuring the biomechanical properties of condylar cartilage. Almost all biomechanical experiments of condylar cartilage are in vitro. [9] However, for the tibial cartilage, the stress force applied in the test is mostly the stress under the natural motion state, such as walking and jumping. And most of the experiments are in vivo. After a certain motion stimulus is applied, the specific strain response is measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

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Articular and Artificial Cartilage, Characteristics, Properties and Testing Approaches—A Review

Cited by 26 publications

References 184 publications

Mechanical and Tribological Analysis of Polyacrylamide/Alginate Hybrid Hydrogels for Potential Cartilage Treatment

Mechanical and Tribological Analysis of Polyacrylamide/Alginate Hybrid Hydrogels for Potential Cartilage Treatment

Advances in Biomaterial-Mediated Gene Therapy for Articular Cartilage Repair

A Review of Composition–Structure–Function Properties and Tissue Engineering Strategies of Articular Cartilage: Compare Condyle Process and Knee Joint

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