Arthrobacter yangruifuii sp. nov. and Arthrobacter zhaoguopingii sp. nov., two new members of the genus Arthrobacter

Abstract

Four unknown strains belonging to the genus Arthrobacter were isolated from plateau wildlife on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau of PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the four isolates were separated into two clusters. Cluster I (strains 785T and 208) had the greatest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Arthrobacter citreus (98.6 and 98.7 %, respectively), Arthrobacter luteolus (98.0 and 98.1%, respectively), Arthrobacter gandavensis (97.9 and 98.0 %, respectively) and Arthrobacter koreensis (97.6 and 97.7 %, respectively). Likewise, cluster II (strains J391T and J915) had the highest sequence similarity to Arthrobacter ruber (98.6 and 98.3 %, respectively) and Arthrobacter agilis (98.1 and 97.9 %, respectively). Average nucleotide identity and the digital DNA–DNA hybridization values illustrated that the two type strains, 785T and J391T, represented two separate novel species that are distinct from all currently recognized species in the genus Arthrobacter . These strains had DNA G+C contents of 66.0–66.1 mol% (cluster I) and 68.0 mol% (cluster II). The chemotaxonomic properties of strains 785T and J391T were in line with those of the genus Arthrobacter : anteiso-C15:0 (79.3 and 40.8 %, respectively) as the major cellular fatty acid, MK-8(H2) (65.8 %) or MK-9(H2) (75.6 %) as the predominant respiratory quinone, a polar lipid profile comprising diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycolipids and phospholipid, and A3α or A4α as the cell wall peptidoglycan type. On the basis of our results, two novel species in the genus Arthrobacter are proposed, namely Arthrobacter yangruifuii sp. nov. (type strain, 785T=CGMCC 1.16725T=GDMCC 1.1592T=JCM 33491T) and Arthrobacter zhaoguopingii sp. nov. (type strain, J391T=CGMCC 1.17382T=GDMCC 1.1667T=JCM 33841T).

Arthrobacter sunyaminii sp. nov. and Arthrobacter jiangjiafuii sp. nov., new members in the genus Arthrobacter

“…Moreover, the pairwise similarities (%) between the six 16S rRNA gene copies in the genomes of strains zg-ZUI122 T and zg-ZUI227 T were 99.6-100 and 99.9-100, respectively, suggesting that the genomes under investigation were not contaminated, consistent to the CheckM-derived results [20,22]. Our two novel species had a higher number of rRNA gene copies (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) than their closely related species (6), which is remarkable among the genomic features of our four newly identified strains and their relatives (Table S1). As predicted based on antiSMASH 5.0 [23], the two novel species carried genomic structure(s) to synthesize several secondary metabolites: desferrioxamine E (100 % similarity) and carotenoid (50%) by A. sunyaminii sp.…”

“…citreus DSM 20133 T , and MK-8(H 2 ) (65.8%) in A. yangruifuii 785 T [9, 12, 36], strain zg-ZUI122 T had the most complicated menaquinone composition [MK-6 (2.2%), MK-7 (14.4%), MK-8(H 2 ) (77.3%) and MK-9(H 2 ) (6.1%)]; strain zg-ZUI227 T had the most unique profile among all, with almost equally predominant bi-components [MK-8(H 2 ) (53.7%) and MK-9(H 2 ) (46.3%)].…”

“…Although both had a A4 α peptidoglycan type [13, 34], strain zg-ZUI122 T had a subtype A11.57 ( l -Lys- l -Thr- d -Glu), with identical cell-wall amino acid composition (alanine, glutamic acid, threonine and lysine) to A. yangruifuii 785 T [9]; while strain zg-ZUI227 T had a subtype A11.35 (alanine, glutamic acid and lysine; l -Lys- l -Ala- l -Glu). By contrast, A.…”

“…Our previous 16S rRNA gene-based high-throughput study revealed that unknown bacteria were abundant in the faeces or intestinal contents of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau wildlife [7, 8], and so far 82 novel species, including Arthrobacter yangruifuii and Arthrobacter zhaoguopingii [9], have been isolated and characterized with culturomics by our team. In this paper, four unknown strains were isolated from the intestinal contents of Marmota himalayana (zg-ZUI122 T : male/infant, 96° 5′ 46″ E, 32° 37′ 32″ N, 3820 m; zg-ZUI10: male/adult, 96° 5′ 37″ E, 32° 37′ 13″ N, 3830 m; zg-ZUI227 T : female/infant, 96° 5′ 25″ E, 32° 38′ 26″ N, 3850 m; zg-ZUI10: female/adult, 96° 5′ 25″ E, 32° 38′ 26″ N, 3850 m) and characterized taxonomically using comprehensive approaches including phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences, digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI), phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics.…”

Arthrobacter cheniae and Arthrobacter frigidicola sp. nov., isolated from a glacier

“…The predominant menaquinones of both strains were MK-9(H 2 ), while MK-8(H 2 ) was present as minor compound in the two strains. Thus, the characteristics of quinones were consistent with those of members of the genus Arthrobacter [2, 28, 29]. The polar lipids detected in two strains were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and unidentified glycolipid (Fig.…”