Arthrobacter sunyaminii sp. nov. and Arthrobacter jiangjiafuii sp. nov., new members in the genus Arthrobacter

Abstract

Four novel bacterial strains (zg-ZUI122T/zg-ZUI10 and zg-ZUI227T/zg-ZUI100) were isolated from the intestinal contents of Marmota himalayana and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Cells were Gram-stain- and catalase-positive, urease- and oxidase-negative. Strains grew optimally at 28–30 °C, pH 7.0, with 0.5 % NaCl (w/v). A comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain pairs zg-ZUI122T/zg-ZUI10 and zg-ZUI227T/zg-ZUI100 belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and were most closely related to Arthrobacter citreus DSM 20133T, with similarities of 99.6 and 99.5 %, respectively. This was further confirmed by phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between the two new type strains (zg-ZUI122T and zg-ZUI227T) and other species in the genus Arthrobacter were 20.0–24.4/77.2–83.4% and 19.9–25.1/77.1–83.4%, all below the thresholds. The major cellular fatty acids detected in the two novel species included iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0; the predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. MK-8(H2) (77.3%) was the predominant respiratory quinone detected in strain zg-ZUI122T, while MK-8(H2) (53.7%) and MK-9(H2) (46.3%) were detected in strain zg-ZUI227T. The shared cell-wall amino acids detected in the two novel species were alanine, glutamic acid and lysine; the shared whole cell wall sugars consisted of galactose, mannose and ribose. All these analyses concluded that these four strains represent two different novel species in the genus Arthrobacter , for which the names Arthrobacter sunyaminii sp. nov. (zg-ZUI122T = GDMCC 1.2502T = KCTC 49677T) and Arthrobacter jiangjiafuii sp. nov. (zg-ZUI227T = GDMCC 1.2500T = KCTC 49676T) are proposed.

Arthrobacter caoxuetaonis sp. nov., Arthrobacter zhangbolii sp. nov. and Arthrobacter gengyunqii sp. nov., isolated from Marmota himalayana faeces from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

“…Growth of all novel strains was excellent aerobically but strains zg-Y462 T /zg-Y411 and zg-Y453 T /zg-Y324 managed to survive and slowly grow under anaerobic conditions, different from zg-Y 809 T /zg-Y786. Identical with some species in the genus Arthrobacter such as A. sunyaminii zg-ZUI122 T [9], we observed that the three novel type strains (zg-Y453 T / zg-Y462 T /zg-Y809 T ) showed obvious rod-coccus cell cycles by transmission electron microscopy after culturing 1 and 4 days under the optimal growth conditions (Fig. S7).…”

“…S6), a glycolipid defined as monogalactosyldiacylglycerol by Busse [2] was present in strains zg-Y462 T , zg-Y809 T (labelled as GL1 in Fig. S6e, i), A. citreus DSM 20133 T and A. sunyaminii zg-ZUI122 T [9] but absent in strain zg-Y453 T (Fig. S6a), A. gandavensis JCM 13316 T , A. jiangjiafuii zg-ZUI227 T and A. yangruifuii 785 T [9][10][11]; also of note was that strain zg-Y809 T lacked lipid (Fig.…”

“…Genomic DNA of our isolates was extracted and purified using the Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Primer pair 27F (5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′) and 1492R (5′-ACGGCTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′) was used for the 16S rRNA gene amplification, and a pMD18-T vector applied for the PCR product cloning [9, 13]. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity within each pair was identical, and the almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequences of the three new type strains were compared with those in the EzBioCloud database [14] (www.ezbiocloud.net) for approximately identifying their taxonomic status, which revealed that they belong to the genus Arthrobacter .…”

“…Members in this genus are typically Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming, with a rod-coccus morphological cycle [4,5,[7][8][9]11], a high genomic DNA G+C content (60-72 %) [2], an A3α [4][5][6][7][8]11] or A4α [9,10] cellwall peptidoglycan type, MK-9(H 2 ) [4-8, 11, 12] or MK-8(H 2 )/MK-9(H 2 ) [3,9,10] as the predominant menaquinones, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. During a study of investigating the microbial diversity among Qinghai-Tibet Plateau wildlife, many new members belonging to this genus were isolated from the intestinal contents of Marmota himalayana, such as Arthrobacter yangruifuii [10], Arthrobacter zhaoguopingii [10], Arthrobacter sunyaminii [9] and Arthrobacter jiangjiafuii [9]. In this study we identify three novel species using a polyphasic taxonomic approach and propose that they represent three new Arthrobacter species.…”

“…This genus embraces 58 validly published and correctly named species (https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/arthrobacter, last accessed 26 June 2022) isolated from samples of diverse environments, such as soil [3][4][5], cheese slices [6], glacier [7], and materials of animal/human origin [8][9][10][11][12]. Members in this genus are typically Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming, with a rod-coccus morphological cycle [4,5,[7][8][9]11], a high genomic DNA G+C content (60-72 %) [2], an A3α [4][5][6][7][8]11] or A4α [9,10] cellwall peptidoglycan type, MK-9(H 2 ) [4-8, 11, 12] or MK-8(H 2 )/MK-9(H 2 ) [3,9,10] as the predominant menaquinones, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. During a study of investigating the microbial diversity among Qinghai-Tibet Plateau wildlife, many new members belonging to this genus were isolated from the intestinal contents of Marmota himalayana, such as Arthrobacter yangruifuii [10], Arthrobacter zhaoguopingii [10], Arthrobacter sunyamin...…”