Arte, clínica e loucura: um território em mutação

Abstract

Based on a combination of clinical and pedagogical experience in occupational therapy, which interlinks artistic practices and therapeutic processes, we carried out a historical study designed to investigate how the fields of mental health and art became interrelated in Brazil between the mid 19th and 20th centuries. The methods used for this research, which is underpinned by the thinking of Foucault, Deleuze and Guattari, were cartography and archeology. We used archeology to investigate the historical discourses and events, seeking out the forces behind them. Through cartography we sought to map out some lines which, emerging from each of these fields in relation to the other, intersect to form different patterns in the area under study.

Arte, cultura e cuidado nos centros de atencao psicossocial

“…The opportunities to extend cultural repertoire and to circulate in public spaces were few. The perception of the participants' expressions as cultural facts which, according to Lima & Pelbart, 6 is essential when combining art and therapy, seemed to be absent from the repertoire of the majority of professionals, judging by the ways in which the productions were treated, as the majority of works were not signed and no credit was given to their authors, who had little choice in deciding where they would end up.…”

“…In this way, art and culture activities in the local area, as they favor changes in patterns of coexistence with difference, also produce cultural facts. 6 The lack of visibility, for managers and team, of art and culture activities, especially those which take place in the local area, leads to them questioning the recognition of their work, especially when there is a predominance of such activities within these service centers.…”

“…They require professionals to have aesthetic and cultural experience 3 and are spaces for expression and for producing cultural facts, which implies that one of these terms cannot be covered by the other. 6 Deconstruction of the 'myth of therapeutic activity", as a natural connection between activity and therapeutic benefi t, and of the vision focused on relationships as therapeutic in and of themselves, 10 in favor of understanding the complexity of the subject being cared for in the context of their life 8 are also adopted as references. …”

Estratégias de intervenção da Terapia Ocupacional em consonância com as transformações da assistência em saúde mental no Brasil

“…-projetos e ações interdisciplinares propostos nestes serviços (Fontes, 2008;Lima, Ghirardi, 2008;Mângia, Muramoto, 2006;Nicácio, Mângia, Ghirardi, 2005;; -discussão dos fundamentos teóricos da utilização da arte como recurso terapêutico para a Terapia Ocupacional em Saúde Mental, mas que não mencionam a inserção do profissional na rede de serviços substitutivos (Castro, Silva, 2002;Lima, Pelbart, 2007;Lima, 2006aLima, , 2006b; -a história da Terapia Ocupacional no campo da Saúde Mental, correlacionada às concepções de saúde vigentes na sociedade e às transformações da assistência (Ribeiro, Machado, 2008;Lima, 2006a;Ribeiro, Oliveira, 2005;Oliver, Barros, Lopes, 2005); -a Terapia Ocupacional Social que não trata especificamente da questão da saúde mental, mas inclui os sujeitos com transtorno mental em ações direcionadas a uma "população heterogênea" e a v. 15, n.36, p.299-307, jan./mar. 2011 301…”

Loucura e diversidade cultural: inovação e ruptura nas experiências de arte e cultura da Reforma Psiquiátrica e do campo da Saúde Mental no Brasil

“…Uma dessas inovações está no campo do trabalho e da geração de renda, como nas experiências de economia solidária e cooperativismo [10][11][12] ; uma outra inovação está no campo da cultura, como nos projetos de arte e cultura e a produção sociocultural dos atores da RP [13][14][15][16] . No campo da participação social, existem as lutas a partir do protagonismo dos usuários, familiares e outros ativistas em defesa dos direitos das pessoas em sofrimento mental.…”