Arginine aminopeptidase reactions to laser in vivo and in vitro

Purification and characterization of two human erythrocyte arylamidases preferentially hydrolysing N-terminal arginine or lysine residues

“…The accumulated information suggests that aminopeptidase B and enzyme II of the present study, and related peptidohydrolases studied in our laboratories, are affected by Cl-at the physiological concentration (0.9% or 0.154M). These enzymes probably participate in inflammatory reactions, as suggested by a number of studies (Hopsu-Havuetal., 1966;Mikinen, 1975;Makinen & Paunio, 1972;Makinen & Oksala, 1973;Makinen & Virtanen, 1976;Virtanen & Makinen, 1974;Makinen & Hyyppa, 1975;Makinen et al, 1975;Virtanen et al, 1977). This point of view is also supported by recent findings about the occurrence in leucocytes of enzymes resembling aminopeptidase B and enzyme II (Soderling et al, 1977;Knuuttila et al, 1978).…”

“…Garner & Behal (1977) described a human liver alanine aminopeptidase that was inhibited by NaCI. The inhibitory effect of0.2M-NaCl on the hydrolysis of L-alanine 2-naphthylamide has been previously shown (Makinen et al, 1970), and it is very likely that the liver tissue studied by Garner & Behal (1977) also contained an erythrocyte enzyme similar to enzyme I. L-Ornithine 2-naphthylamide competitively inhibits the hydrolysis of the corresponding arginine and lysine derivatives catalysed by rat liver aminopeptidase B (Makinen, 1975). The ornithine derivative is bound to the active site, but its hydrolysis does not take place.…”

“…(3) They affect the metabolism of peptides (reduced glutathione, for example) involved in the maintenance of the rigidity of the cell wall. Preliminary evidence (Miikinen, 1975) suggests that the human erythrocyte arylamidases include an enzyme that in some aspects resembles the Cl--activated aminopeptidase B (arginine aminopeptidase, EC 3.4.11.6) described in the rat and many other animal tissues (Hopsu et al, 1966a,b;Makinen, 1975).…”

“…Enzyme I is slightly inhibited by NaCl at physiological concentrations, whereas the activity of enzyme II is almost absolutely dependent on the presence of Cl-or certain other anions. It has been suggested that activation of a proteolytic enzyme by 0.9% NaCI indicates extracellular function of the enzyme (Makinen, 1975). The present results should also be considered in the light of the fact that the concentration of Cl-in erythrocytes is considerably higher than in most other tissue cells or intracellular compartments.…”

Effect of Chlorhexidine on the Hamster Cheek Pouch: Microcirculation and Penetration Studies

“…The cheek pouch was everted and spread on the Teflon plate of the specimen holder of a vitalomicroscope, and fixed with a strip of double-face transparent tape. 4 Observations were performed at 110 x magnification using an UO-11 objective (Ernst Leitz GMBH, Wetzlar, Germany). The method of measuring flow velocity was based on a flying spot technique presented by Brånemark.…”