Areal inhomogeneities in vapor doped polyaniline films

Long, James P.; Bullock, Steven E.; Buckley, Leonard J.; Russell, John N.

doi:10.1016/s0379-6779(01)00578-1

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The thickness of the resulting films was determined to be 15 ± 2 μm. These dried films were then doped using a vapor deposition technique, whereby they were placed in an enclosed chamber with a 1 M HCl solution for 48 h at room temperature [25–27].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of high molecular weight polyaniline for organic electronic applications

Ramamurthy

Mallya

Joseph

et al. 2012

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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High molecular weight polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized by a combined procedure incorporating various synthesis methods. Temperature and open circuit potential of the reaction mixture were collected to monitor the reaction progress. The polymer is characterized by various techniques including gel permeation chromatography, dynamic light scattering, infrared spectroscopy, solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance, and differential scanning calorimetry for elucidating the molecular architecture obtained by this method. As‐synthesized PANI was found to possess high molecular weight, reduced branching, reduced cross‐linking, and to predominantly consist of linear polymer chains. This polymer was also found to be more stable in solution form. J–V characteristics of as‐synthesized PANI films indicate a high current density which is due to increased free pathways and less traps for the charge transport to occur in PANI films. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of high molecular weight polyaniline for organic electronic applications

Ramamurthy

Mallya

Joseph

et al. 2012

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…The slides were then dried under a vacuum of 20 mm Hg at 50°C for 360 h in order to effectively remove the solvent by evaporation, which is a crucial step in obtaining stable electronic properties. 45 The thickness of the resulting freestanding films was determined to be 15 ± 2 m. Doping of the dried composite films was achieved by a vapor deposition technique, 46,47 where the films were exposed to a 1 M HCl solution for 48 h at room temperature in a closed chamber. For convenience, the following nomenclature has been adopted in this paper for MWNT composites: PM-1 = 100% PANI, PM-2 = 99.5% PANI + 0.5% MWNT, PM-3 = 99% PANI + 1% MWNT, PM-4 = 95% PANI + 5% MWNT, and PM-5 = 90% PANI + 10% MWNT; while for SWNT composites: PS-1 = 100% PANI, PS-2 = 99.5% PANI + 0.5% SWNT, PS-3 = 99% PANI + 1% SWNT, PS-4 = 95% PANI + 5% SWNT, and PS-5 = 90% PANI + 10% SWNT.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration and Distribution of Carbon Nanotubes in Solution-Processed Polyaniline/Carbon Nanotube Composites

Ramamurthy¹,

Harrell²,

Gregory

et al. 2007

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Composites of high-molecular-weight polyaniline ͑PANI͒ and single-walled carbon nanotubes as well as composites of PANI and multiwalled carbon nanotubes of various weight percentages were prepared using solution processing. The integration and distribution of the carbon nanotubes ͑CNTs͒ in the PANI matrix were investigated by various characterization methods. CNT distribution was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, while CNT dispersion and alignment were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The specific gravity of the composite material was measured using a density gradient column, which indicates how well the nanotubes are integrated into the polymer matrix. Results indicate that effective integration and distribution of CNTs into a PANI matrix can be achieved with solution processing for composites containing between 1 and 5% CNTs by weight.

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“…The slides were then dried under a vacuum of 20 mm Hg at 50°C. The thickness of the resulting films was determined to be 15 Ϯ 2 m. Doping of the dried composite films was achieved by a vapor deposition technique, 23,24 where the films were exposed to a 1 M HCl solution for 48 h at room temperature in a closed chamber. For convenience, the following nomenclature has been adopted in this paper: P-1 ϭ 100% PANI, P-2 ϭ 99.5% PANI ϩ 0.5% MWNT, P-3 ϭ 99% PANI ϩ 1% MWNT, P-4 ϭ 95% PANI ϩ 5% MWNT.…”

Section: Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (Mwnts)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Solution-Processed Polyaniline/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composite Films

Ramamurthy

Harrell²,

Gregory

et al. 2004

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Mechanical and electrical properties of high molecular weight polyaniline/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite films were investigated. Addition of carbon nanotubes to polyaniline films was accomplished by solution processing. Physical characterization of these composites by thermogravimetric analysis, tensile testing, dynamic thermal mechanical analysis, and atomic force microscopy measurements indicate that polyaniline containing 1% carbon nanotubes is more mechanically and thermally stable than neat polyaniline. Rectifying aluminum contacts were fabricated using this composition of the composite material, along with neat polyaniline for comparison. The measured electrical characteristics indicate that the current levels of the polyaniline/carbon nanotube composite devices are nearly an order of magnitude higher than those of the polyaniline devices; thus, this composite material has the potential for applications in organic electronics.There is considerable interest in using inherently conducting polymers ͑ICPs͒ in microelectronics. The potential for ICPs to provide lightweight, low cost, electronic, and photonic materials that can be produced by existing polymer processing techniques is highly attractive. Polyaniline ͑PANI͒ in particular has attracted significant interest due to its excellent thermal and environmental stability as compared to other conducting polymers. 1-4 Therefore, PANI holds great promise as a material for electronic device applications. 5-7 Despite substantial advances in the last 10 years in materials and processing techniques, the performance of devices based on conducting polymers remains inferior to inorganic devices. Some recent results indicate that PANI composite materials may have significantly improved electronic and mechanical properties as compared to neat PANI films, making the composite more suitable for microelectronic applications.PANI/carbon black composites have been studied by several groups. 8,9 Charge transport in PANI is normally explained in general by various hopping mechanisms. The addition of carbon black ͑CB͒ to the PANI matrix typically leads to an increase in highly ordered sites distributed in the polymer known as metallic islands, which subsequently increase the probability of charge transport between conjugated polymer chains. The overall effect of the CB addition is an increase in the conductivity of the material. 10 Another material of considerable interest for the fabrication of such composites is the carbon nanotube ͑CNT͒. One of the main advantages of CNTs over CB is that a low loading ͑ϳ1 wt %͒ of CNTs is sufficient for achieving composite properties comparable to that of a 10% CB loading. 11 The presence of higher CB content compromises the physical and mechanical properties of the composite. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes are essentially nanoscale fibers with a high aspect ratio and high conductivity. It is believed that nanoengineered conducting polymer composites could provide synergistic effects, whereby carbon nanotubes would enhance the thermal ...

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Areal inhomogeneities in vapor doped polyaniline films

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Synthesis and characterization of high molecular weight polyaniline for organic electronic applications

Synthesis and characterization of high molecular weight polyaniline for organic electronic applications

Integration and Distribution of Carbon Nanotubes in Solution-Processed Polyaniline/Carbon Nanotube Composites

Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Solution-Processed Polyaniline/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composite Films

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