“…There is now a large body of literature which demonstrates that calcifiers can indeed be impaired by OA in various aspects, such as physiology, calcification, growth, and survival (Harvey et al, 2013). Nevertheless, growing evidence reveals that some calcifiers can prevail in the CO 2 -acidified environment and produce durable calcareous structures (e.g., Leung et al, 2019Leung et al, , 2020aDi Giglio et al, 2020), implying their resistance and adaptability to OA. Thus, more comprehensive studies are needed to decipher how calcifiers adjust or succumb to OA and how warming modulates the impacts of OA on calcifiers.…”