Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Green Approach/Technology for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Srivastava, Priyanka; Saxena, Bhawna; Giri, Bhoopander

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68867-1_20

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 211 publications

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“…Mycorrhizal literature suggests a need to manage AMF to increase crop yield A crop yield benefit from high colonisation by AMF is a core claim of researchers of AMF. Smith & Read (2008) state 'there are many instances where crop productivity is influenced by AM symbiosis', Mart ın-Robles et al (2018) note the 'global importance of AM in agriculture', Bakhshandeh et al (2017) say that AMF 'may play a key role in crop rotation systems decreasing the dependency on fertilizers' and Srivastava et al (2017) claim 'AMF could reduce up to 50% usage of chemical fertilizers for optimal agriculture production'. An optimistic view is nearly universally maintained; even when Thirkell et al (2017) note that colonisation does not necessarily translate to enhanced yield, their paper title asks 'are mycorrhizal fungi our sustainable saviours?…”

Section: Can Results Of Glasshouse Experiments Be Extrapolated To Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…() say that AMF ‘may play a key role in crop rotation systems decreasing the dependency on fertilizers’ and Srivastava et al . () claim ‘AMF could reduce up to 50% usage of chemical fertilizers for optimal agriculture production’. An optimistic view is nearly universally maintained; even when Thirkell et al .…”

Section: Crop Benefit From Amf: Agronomic and Mycorrhizal Literature mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is frequently stated that the mycorrhizal fungal community in agroecosystems functions suboptimally such that higher applications of P fertiliser and other inputs are required (Srivastava et al, 2017). This view is based on the idea that industrial agricultural practices select for genotypes less beneficial for crop hosts, for example, AMF with increased host C cost because they rapidly colonise and sporulate.…”

Section: Fungal Genotypementioning

confidence: 99%

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Little evidence that farmers should consider abundance or diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi when managing crops

2018

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Contents Summary 1092 I. Introduction 1093 II. Investigating activity of AMF in agroecosystems 1093 III. Crop benefit from AMF: agronomic and mycorrhizal literature differ 1094 IV. Flawed methodology leads to benefits of mycorrhizas being overstated 1094 V. Rigorous methodology suggests low colonisation by AMF can sometimes reduce crop yield 1095 VI. Predicting when mycorrhizas matter for crop yield 1096 VII. Crop genotype 1099 VIII. Fungal genotype 1100 IX. Complex interactions between the mycorrhizal fungal and soil microbial communities 1102 X. Phosphorus-efficient agroecosystems 1102 XI. Conclusions 1103 Acknowledgements 1104 References 1104 SUMMARY: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous in agroecosystems and often stated to be critical for crop yield and agroecosystem sustainability. However, should farmers modify management to enhance the abundance and diversity of AMF? We address this question with a focus on field experiments that manipulated colonisation by indigenous AMF and report crop yield, or investigated community structure and diversity of AMF. We find that the literature presents an overly optimistic view of the importance of AMF in crop yield due, in part, to flawed methodology in field experiments. A small body of rigorous research only sometimes reports a positive impact of high colonisation on crop yield, even under phosphorus limitation. We suggest that studies vary due to the interaction of environment and genotype (crop and mycorrhizal fungal). We also find that the literature can be overly pessimistic about the impact of some common agricultural practices on mycorrhizal fungal communities and that interactions between AMF and soil microbes are complex and poorly understood. We provide a template for future field experiments and a list of research priorities, including phosphorus-efficient agroecosystems. However, we conclude that management of AMF by farmers will not be warranted until benefits are demonstrated at the field scale under prescribed agronomic management.

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Section: Can Results Of Glasshouse Experiments Be Extrapolated To Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crop Benefit From Amf: Agronomic and Mycorrhizal Literature mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fungal Genotypementioning

confidence: 99%

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Little evidence that farmers should consider abundance or diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi when managing crops

2018

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“…Among mycorrhizal symbioses, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi represent a fungal mutualistic endophytic group which establishes symbioses with over 90% of all plant species since the origin of terrestrial plants [ 12 ]. There is an increasing interest for the use of AM fungi to promote sustainable agriculture, considering the widely accepted benefits of the association with plants to nutrition efficiency (for both macronutrients, especially phosphorus, and micronutrients), water balance, and biotic and abiotic stress protection [ 14 ]. Successful progresses in AMF inoculation have been achieved and reported worldwide, but studies regarding its application from laboratory and greenhouse to field trials are still encouraged.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabarcoding of Soil Fungal Communities Associated with Alpine Field-Grown Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Inoculated with AM Fungi

Victorino

Voyron

Caser

et al. 2021

JoF

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Soil fungi strongly influence ecosystem structure and functioning, playing a key role in many ecological services as decomposers, plant mutualists and pathogens. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish mutualistic symbiotic associations with plant roots and act as biofertilizers by enhancing plant nutrients and water uptake. Information about the AMF association with Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and their impact on crop performances and spice quality has been increasing in recent years. Instead, there is still little data on the biodiversity of soil microbial communities associated with this crop in the Alpine environments. The aims of this study were to investigate the fungal communities of two Alpine experimental sites cultivated with saffron, and to rank the relative impact of two AMF inocula, applied to soil as single species (R = Rhizophagus intraradices, C. Walker & A. Schüßler) or a mixture of two species (M = R. intraradices and Funneliformis mosseae, C. Walker & A. Schüßler), on the resident fungal communities which might be influenced in their diversity and composition. We used Illumina MiSeq metabarcoding on nuclear ribosomal ITS2 region to characterize the fungal communities associated to Crocus sativus cultivation in two fields, located in the municipalities of Saint Christophe (SC) and Morgex (MG), (Aosta Valley, Italy), treated or not with AMF inocula and sampled for two consecutive years (Y1; Y2). Data analyses consistently indicated that Basidiomycota were particularly abundant in both sites and sampling years (Y1 and Y2). Significant differences in the distribution of fungal taxa assemblages at phylum and class levels between the two sites were also found. The main compositional differences consisted in significant abundance changes of OTUs belonging to Dothideomycetes and Leotiomycetes (Ascomycota), Agaricomycetes and Tremellomycetes (Basidiomycota), Mortierellomycetes and Mucoromycetes. Further differences concerned OTUs, of other classes, significantly represented only in the first or second year of sampling. Concerning Glomeromycota, the most represented genus was Claroideoglomus always detected in both sites and years. Other AMF genera such as Funneliformis, Septoglomus and Microdominikia, were retrieved only in MG site. Results highlighted that neither sites nor inoculation significantly impacted Alpine saffron-field fungal communities; instead, the year of sampling had the most appreciable influence on the resident communities.

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“…Bradyrhizobia species are key components of soil microbiota that are essential in soil fertility, plant growth, nutrition and play an important role in organic agriculture by compensating for the reduced application of inorganic fertilizers and other agrochemicals. Bradyrhizobia colonize roots of leguminous plants and form symbiotic association that leads to enhanced water and nutrient uptake (Mahanty et al, 2017;Srivastava et al, 2017). Bradyrhizobia are able to biologically fix atmospheric nitrogen (N) and help accessing other nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous from soil stocks and organic fertilizers (Almanza.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bradyrhizobium inoculation has a greater effect on soybean growth, production and yield quality in organic than conventional farming systems

Gitonga

Njeru

Cheruiyot

et al. 2021

Cogent Food & Agriculture

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Globally, organic farming and bradyrhizobia inoculation are gaining popularity as agronomically and environmentally sound soil management strategies with great potential to alleviate declining soil fertility, maintain environmental quality and enhance soybean production. However, the role of bradyrhizobia in organic farming system is poorly understood. Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of bradyrhizobia inoculation and organic farming on growth parameters and yield quality of soybean varieties: SC squire, SB19 and Gazelle. The experimental treatments included native bradyrhizobia, commercial Bradyrhizobium japonicum, mixture of native + commercial bradyrhizobia and uninoculated control. The experimental design was a split-split plot, with three replications. The results demonstrated significant improvement in soybean nodule dry weight (NDW), shoot dry weight (SDW) and seed dry weight (SEDW) following bradyrhizobia inoculation. Remarkably, organic farming significantly out-performed conventional systems in nodulation, SDW and SEDW. Moreover, seed nutrient content differed depending on farming system; where nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic carbon were higher in organic farming. Soybean varieties differed significantly on SDW, NDW and SEDW; where SC squire performed better than SB19 and Gazelle. The results demonstrate the importance of organic farming and bradyrhizobia inoculation in enhancing soil fertility, yield production and quality, a key step towards sustainable food production.

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Green Approach/Technology for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment

Cited by 13 publications

References 211 publications

Little evidence that farmers should consider abundance or diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi when managing crops

Little evidence that farmers should consider abundance or diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi when managing crops

Metabarcoding of Soil Fungal Communities Associated with Alpine Field-Grown Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Inoculated with AM Fungi

Bradyrhizobium inoculation has a greater effect on soybean growth, production and yield quality in organic than conventional farming systems

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