Aravalli Craton and its Mobile Belts: An Update

Banerjee, Fareeduddin and D. M.

doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020005

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…As summarised by Cawood and Hawkesworth (2014), the period from 1.7 to 0.75 Ga is characterised by a paucity of passive margins (Bradley, 2008), anoxic-ferruginous and regionally euxinic marine environments (Poulton et al, 2004(Poulton et al, , 2010, an absence of significant Sr isotope variations in the seawater record (Shields, 2007;Kuznetsov et al, 2017), few highly evolved ε Hf(t) values in zircon grains, limited orogenic gold and VHMS (but major sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn) deposits, an absence of glacial deposits and a paucity of massive iron formations. However, significant developments include formation of the oldest economical phosphorite deposits at c. 1.6 Ga in India and Australia (McKenzie et al, 2013;Crosby et al, 2014;Chakraborty et al, 2020;Fareeduddin and Banerjee, 2020) and the emplacement of c. 1.5-1.2 Ga massif anorthosites and related intrusive rocks (Whitmeyer and Karlstrom, 2007;McLelland et al, 2010;Ashwal and Bybee, 2017). The development of massif anorthosite at this point was attributed by Cawood and Hawkesworth (2014) to secular cooling of the mantle to a temperature at which continental…”

Section: Mesoproterozoic Era (C 18 To 10 Ga)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A template for an improved rock-based subdivision of the pre-Cryogenian timescale

Shields

Strachan

Porter

et al. 2021

JGS

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The geological time scale before 720 Ma uses rounded absolute ages rather than specific events recorded in rocks to subdivide time. This has led increasingly to mismatches between subdivisions and the features for which they were named. Here we review the formal processes that led to the current time scale, outline rock-based concepts that could be used to subdivide pre-Cryogenian time and propose revisions. An appraisal of the Precambrian rock record confirms that purely chronostratigraphic subdivision would require only modest deviation from current chronometric boundaries, removal of which could be expedited by establishing event-based concepts and provisional, approximate ages for eon-, era- and period-level subdivisions. Our review leads to the following conclusions: 1) the current informal four-fold Archean subdivision should be simplified to a tripartite scheme, pending more detailed analysis, and 2) an improved rock-based Proterozoic Eon might comprise a Paleoproterozoic Era with three periods (early Paleoproterozoic or Skourian, Rhyacian, Orosirian), Mesoproterozoic Era with four periods (Statherian, Calymmian, Ectasian, Stenian) and a Neoproterozoic Era with four periods (pre-Tonian or Kleisian, Tonian, Cryogenian and Ediacaran). These proposals stem from a wide community and could be used to guide future development of the pre-Cryogenian timescale by international bodies.

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Section: Mesoproterozoic Era (C 18 To 10 Ga)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A template for an improved rock-based subdivision of the pre-Cryogenian timescale

Shields

Strachan

Porter

et al. 2021

JGS

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“…The Aravalli Craton of the northwestern Indian Shield exposes a well‐preserved Archaean basement in its central and southern parts, known as the Banded Gneissic Complex (BGC, Gupta, 1934; Heron, 1953). This basement has been affected by repeated deformation, metamorphism, and granitic magmatism for much of its geological history (e.g., Ahmad, Mondal, Bhutani, & Satyanarayanan, 2018; Ahmad, Mondal, & Satyanarayanan, 2019; Bhowmik, Bernhardt, & Dasgupta, 2010; Buick et al, 2010; D'Souza et al, 2019; Dey et al, 2019; Fareeduddin & Banerjee, 2020; Gopalan, Macdougall, Roy, & Murali, 1990; Kaur et al, 2019; Rahaman, Mondal, Ahmad, Bhutani, & Choudhary, 2019; Roy & Kröner, 1996; Roy, Kröner, Rathore, Laul, & Purohit, 2012; Wiedenbeck et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neoarchaean crustal reworking in the Aravalli Craton: Petrogenesis and tectonometamorphic history of the Malola granite, Bhilwara area, northwestern India

D’Souza

Sheth

et al. 2020

Geological Journal

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The Banded Gneissic Complex of the Aravalli Craton of northwestern India comprises Palaeo‐ to Neoarchaean (3.3–2.7 Ga) gneisses, including tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) gneisses, intruded by Neoarchaean (2.6–2.5 Ga) TTGs, sanukitoids, and potassic granites. The latter include the Malola granite that crops out near Bhilwara and forms the basement for the Mesoproterozoic Pur‐Banera mineralized belt. The granite has experienced three deformation events, represented by an S1 foliation and superimposed open folds and dextral shears. Textural evidence and thermobarometry indicate that prograde metamorphism initially forming actinolite and subsequently diopside, and culminating in the upper amphibolite facies, was followed by retrograde metamorphism in the greenschist facies with fluid influx, forming zoisite. Zircon geochronology yields a crystallization age of 2,538 ± 11 Ma and indicates a prominent metamorphic overprint in the region at 1,307 ± 9 Ma. The Malola granite has low Sr–Nd isotopic ratios, enrichments in fluid‐mobile elements (Cs, Rb, Ba, Th, and Pb), and depletions in alteration‐resistant elements (Nb, Ta, and Ti). These characteristics combined with mineralogical evidence suggest that the granite was derived by anatexis of older crystalline crust (possibly granulitic lower crust) in the same subduction zone setting inferred previously for other Neoarchean granitoids in this region. Geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic similarities between the Malola granite and Neoarchaean granitoids of the Aravalli, Bundelkhand, Bastar, Dharwar, and Congo cratons indicate a major role for anatectic crustal reworking in their genesis.

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“…Geochronological data indicate ca. 1.72-1.0 Ga ages for the polyphase deformation and metamorphism related to the collision and the subsequent orogenesis [7]. The relationship between the BGC basement rocks and the cover is contentious, similarly as in many strongly deformed Proterozoic fold belts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the available radiogenic data of komatiite and tholeiite of 2.3 Ga was determined as the initial age of rifting of the BGC basement and eruption of the basal Aravalli volcanic sequence [16,18]. Collectively, geochronological data, based on Nd isotopic values, suggest that komatiitic and tholeiitic rocks erupted between 2.3-1.8 Ga from enriched and heterogeneous mantle source regions as part of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle of the Aravalli Craton [7,16]. The rocks of the Aravalli super-group have undergone later greenschist (in the southern part) to upper-amphibolite grade metamorphism in the northern part [17] and have undergone three main phases of folding [19].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution to the Mineral Chemistry of the Proterozoic Aravalli Mafic Meta-Volcanic Rocks from Rajasthan, NW India

et al. 2020

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Field, petrological and mineral chemistry for meta-volcanic rocks from the Aravalli sequence (Aravalli Craton, India) are presented. Field evidence such as volcanic flows and suspect pillow lava structures, dominant Fe-tholeiite lava flows intercalated with quartzites and argillaceous sediments, indicate rift tectonic environment. Primary mineralogy was obliterated during post-magmatic processes such as metamorphism corresponding to the greenschist to lower amphibolite facies conditions. The rock’s mineral composition was overprinted by plagioclase–chlorite–amphibole–epidote assemblage. The relicts of clinopyroxene were observed. The P-T estimation indicates a temperature of 550–600 °C for the pressure ranging from 3.0 to 7.0 kbar for the majority of amphiboles and 8.0–10.7 kbar for the minority. Geochemically, these rocks are komatiitic (picritic) and high-Fe tholeiitic basalts with 45.06−59.2 wt.% SiO2 and MgO content from 5 to 22.4 wt.% and Mg# of 17 to 71. They show large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare-earth elements (LREE) enrichment. Chondrite normalized rare-earth elements (REE) patterns for the Aravalli lava are moderately enriched with (La/Sm)N = 1.1−3.85, (La/Yb)N from 1.49 (komatiites) to 14.91 (komatiitic basalts). The trace element systematics with the negative Nb, P and Zr anomalies reflect their derivation from enriched sub-continental lithospheric sources, although minor crustal contamination cannot be ruled out. Aravalli rocks are considered to represent the transition from continental rift magmatism to shallow submarine eruption.

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Aravalli Craton and its Mobile Belts: An Update

Cited by 29 publications

References 47 publications

A template for an improved rock-based subdivision of the pre-Cryogenian timescale

A template for an improved rock-based subdivision of the pre-Cryogenian timescale

Neoarchaean crustal reworking in the Aravalli Craton: Petrogenesis and tectonometamorphic history of the Malola granite, Bhilwara area, northwestern India

Contribution to the Mineral Chemistry of the Proterozoic Aravalli Mafic Meta-Volcanic Rocks from Rajasthan, NW India

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