Contribution to the Mineral Chemistry of the Proterozoic Aravalli Mafic Meta-Volcanic Rocks from Rajasthan, NW India

Abstract

Field, petrological and mineral chemistry for meta-volcanic rocks from the Aravalli sequence (Aravalli Craton, India) are presented. Field evidence such as volcanic flows and suspect pillow lava structures, dominant Fe-tholeiite lava flows intercalated with quartzites and argillaceous sediments, indicate rift tectonic environment. Primary mineralogy was obliterated during post-magmatic processes such as metamorphism corresponding to the greenschist to lower amphibolite facies conditions. The rock’s mineral composition was overprinted by plagioclase–chlorite–amphibole–epidote assemblage. The relicts of clinopyroxene were observed. The P-T estimation indicates a temperature of 550–600 °C for the pressure ranging from 3.0 to 7.0 kbar for the majority of amphiboles and 8.0–10.7 kbar for the minority. Geochemically, these rocks are komatiitic (picritic) and high-Fe tholeiitic basalts with 45.06−59.2 wt.% SiO2 and MgO content from 5 to 22.4 wt.% and Mg# of 17 to 71. They show large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare-earth elements (LREE) enrichment. Chondrite normalized rare-earth elements (REE) patterns for the Aravalli lava are moderately enriched with (La/Sm)N = 1.1−3.85, (La/Yb)N from 1.49 (komatiites) to 14.91 (komatiitic basalts). The trace element systematics with the negative Nb, P and Zr anomalies reflect their derivation from enriched sub-continental lithospheric sources, although minor crustal contamination cannot be ruled out. Aravalli rocks are considered to represent the transition from continental rift magmatism to shallow submarine eruption.

Rift‐related multistage evolution of the Mangalwar Complex, Aravalli Craton (NW India): Evidence from elemental and Sr–Nd isotopic features of Proterozoic amphibolites

“…Compiling all the geochemical evidences in conjunction with the field relationships and occurrences of the Mangalwar amphibolites, we have postulated a conceptual geotectonic evolutionary model of the Mangalwar basin (Figure 16). The rifting of the BGC (Heron, 1953; Gopalan et al, 1990; Wiedenbeck & Goswami, 1994; Roy & Kröner, 1996; Kaur et al, 2019) led to the formation of the Aravalli Basin that opened and successively volcanic and metasedimentary rocks were deposited from 2.2 to 2.1 Ga (T. Ahmad & Rajamani, 1988, 1991; T. Ahmad & Tarney, 1994; Bhowmik et al, 2010; Bhowmik & Dasgupta, 2012; Wiszniewska, Grabarczyk, Krzemińska, & Ahmad, 2020). During 1.85–1.80 Ga westward subduction took place and subsequently accretionary orogenesis happened that led to the formation of the Aravalli fold belt along with the intrusion of multiple phases of granitic plutons in the BGC‐II terrane of 1.72 Ga (Bhowmik & Dasgupta, 2012; Buick et al, 2006; Dharma Rao et al, 2011; Saha et al, 2008).…”