Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Primary Irritant Dermatitis Produced by Patch Testing of Human Skin with Surfactants

Müller‐Decker, Karin; Heinzelmann, T.; Fürstenberger, Gerhard; Kecskés, Ambrus; Lehmann, Wolf-Dieter; Marks, Friedrich

doi:10.1006/taap.1998.8521

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There are several reasons for selecting T. Firstly, T is widely used in excipients for injection solution and a recent clinical study demonstrated that T appeared to be generally free of any irritating effect below a concentration of 5%. [17][18][19][20] Secondly, Te, De, P, D and M are more irritant than T, and it is possible that these amines may damage the stratum corneum of the skin. Consequently, these amines are not ideally suited for investigating the enhancing mechanism, although the TeEI, DeEI, MEI and PEI system have a strong enhancing effect on skin permeation of MA.…”

Section: Effect Of the Tei System On The Skin Permeation Of Drugmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enhancing Effect of a Triethanolamine-Ethanol-Isopropyl Myristate Mixed System on the Skin Permeation of Acidic Drugs.

Fang

Kobayashi²,

Numajiri

et al. 2002

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although the transdermal drug delivery system, used as non-oral alternative systemic drug delivery system, is a convenient system form for primary and intensive home care (since it does not involve direct injection through the skin), the skin barrier prevents the passage of most drugs. To overcome the skin barrier function temporarily, various physical (iontophoresis, ultrasound, electoporation) and chemical (penetration enhancers, prodrugs) method or their combinations have been used to achieve enhanced transdermal drug transport.1) Among these methods, the most widely used to enhance permeation of stratum corneum barrier are the chemical penetration enhancers.2) Despite the large amount of research and the many different chemical enhancers identified, few have yet reached the market place, because in most of cases, there is a linear correlation between the enhancement effects and skin toxicity.3) This has stimulated research into the combined use of two or more safe and known types of additives. [4][5][6] We have reported a greatly increased effect of l-menthol-ethanol-water (MEW) system on the skin permeation of morphine and several cardiovascular agents compared with their use as single agents. 7,8) The MEW system has a non-selective enhancing effect on a range of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, and this unselective effect is due to the delipidation of the stratum corneum. This produces skin irritation.9) This result suggests that, if a drug-selective enhancer can be found, it should be possible to minimize the skin irritation. We have found that a lipophilic multicomponent system consisted of L-lactic acid (1%), ethanol (10%) and isopropyl myristate (LEI) system selectively enhances the skin permeation of basic drugs and causes very little skin irritation. [10][11][12] On the other hand, there are many acidic drugs such as NSAIDs which are potentially effective and used routinely in clinical situations. Therefore, it is worthwhile developing a skin permeation enhancer, which would be selective for acidic drugs. In the present study, we have studied a lipophilic multicomponent system consisted of triethanolamine, ethanol and isopropyl myristate (TEI) system, based on our earlier LEI system. MATERIALS AND METHODS MaterialsMefenamic acid (MA), monoethanolamine (M), diethanolamine (D), triethanolamine (T) diethylamine (De), triethylamine (Te), propanolamine (P) and aminopyrine, were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Ind., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Ketoprofen was supplied by Nissan Chemical Ind., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) was supplied by Toko Pharmaceutical Ind. Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Ibuprofen and ketotifen fumarate were obtained from Nissei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Diclofenac sodium, antipyrine and isopropyl myristate (IPM) were obtained from Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Dehydrated ethanol (E) (JP grade) was purchased from Imazu Yakuhin Kogyo K. K. (Tokyo, Japan). All other chemicals and solvents were of reagent grade.Animals Male hairless rats (WBN/ILA-Ht)...

show abstract

Section: Effect Of the Tei System On The Skin Permeation Of Drugmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enhancing Effect of a Triethanolamine-Ethanol-Isopropyl Myristate Mixed System on the Skin Permeation of Acidic Drugs.

Fang

Kobayashi²,

Numajiri

et al. 2002

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the potential of the test chemicals to elicit PGE 2 did not always correlate with their irritant potency. Benzalkonium chloride and sodium lauryl sulfate induced severe skin irritation; however, only sodium lauryl sulfate increased the release of PGE 2 in the suction blister fluid of human skin [23]. Moreover, there was no difference in the release of PGE 2 between the potent skin irritants (TPA and benzalkonium chloride) and nonirri-tants (2-methoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethyl acetate) in cultured human keratinocytes [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Therefore, glycolicacid-induced skin damage may not be accompanied by COX-2 protein expression and PGE 2 production. Several studies have demonstrated the relevance of skin irritation to the release of the inflammatory mediator PGE 2 [21][22][23]. However, the potential of the test chemicals to elicit PGE 2 did not always correlate with their irritant potency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Glycolic Acid on UVB-Induced Skin Damage and Inflammation in Guinea Pigs

Park

Kim

et al. 2002

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: Recently the use of glycolic-acid-containing cosmetics has received increased public interest in their supposed ability to reduce wrinkles, roughness, age spots and other skin damage. However, the safety of such products when used excessively or chronically, especially by photosensitive people, is being questioned. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of glycolic acid alone or in combination with UVB on skin damage and inflammatory response. Method: Guinea pigs were treated with glycolic acid (from 1 to 7 mg/cm²) alone or in combination with UVB (0.4 or 3 J/cm²) for 14 days. Skin damage was evaluated by scoring the skin irritation value by the method of Draize and by histopathological observations. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) production were also assessed. Results: Glycolic acid caused an increase in the level of skin damage in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Lower doses (1 and 3 mg/cm²) of glycolic acid mostly caused erythema and eschar, and these consequently formed scales, whereas higher doses (5 and 7 mg/cm²) of glycolic acid caused redness, edema and necrotic ulceration. Glycolic acid also increased the thickness of the epidermal layer, reduced the organization of the stratum corneum and eventually destroyed some parts of the epidermal layer at 7 mg/cm². UVB (0.4 and 3 J/cm²) caused redness and edema as well as reduced the integrity of the stratum corneum. Glycolic acid enhanced the UVB-induced skin damage. The magnitude of the damage caused by combined UVB and glycolic acid treatment was much greater than that caused by glycolic acid or UVB alone. Moreover, partial destruction of the epidermal layer was observed in skin treated with 3 J/cm² UVB and 3 mg/cm² glycolic acid. However, glycolic acid did not change the basal and UVB-induced PGE₂ production and COX-2 protein expression. Conclusion: These results show that glycolic acid causes skin damage in a dose- and time-dependent manner and that it enhances UVB-induced skin damage without accompanying PGE₂ production or COX-2 protein expression. Therefore, caution should be exercised by those using glycolic acid on a chronic basis or excessively. Moreover, those with photosensitive skins and those more exposed to the sun should be particularly careful.

show abstract

“…PGE 2 is produced by skin equivalents exposed to SDS [26] as well as in human skin after patch application of SDS [27]. Similar to IL-1·, release of PGE 2 in human keratinocyte cultures can be evoked at nearly non-cytotoxic doses of SDS [23].…”

Section: Pge 2 Secretionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Using Skin Models to Assess the Effects of a Protection Cream on Skin Barrier Function

Mühlen¹,

Klotz²,

Weimans

et al. 2004

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: There is a basic necessity to understand the mechanisms of the protective effects of emulsions. This would promote the development of protective cosmetics and therefore improve the prevention and treatment of occupational skin diseases. However, for such studies, no reliable skin model is available. Objective: An in vitro skin model test was developed to evaluate the protective mechanism of cosmetic ingredients. Methods: The efficacy of three products was assessed by an in vivo test (Repetitive Occlusive Irritation Test) and then 3-dimensional skin model tests were carried out. Results: In vivo test results demonstrate that the best protection against sodium dodecyl sulphate is offered by a multiple emulsion. In the case of a skin model test, sodium dodecyl sulphate led to cell damage, an increase in pro-inflammatory markers and some barrier lipids. The multiple emulsion increased the content of skin lipids, without inducing irritation or cell death. Conclusion: Skin models react similarly to sodium dodecyl sulphate compared to human skin and therefore they are suitable to study barrier repair after sodium dodecyl sulphate damage. It is likely that the superior protective effect of the multiple emulsion in vivo is based on the increased amount of skin barrier lipids.

show abstract

Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Primary Irritant Dermatitis Produced by Patch Testing of Human Skin with Surfactants

Cited by 38 publications

References 43 publications

The Enhancing Effect of a Triethanolamine-Ethanol-Isopropyl Myristate Mixed System on the Skin Permeation of Acidic Drugs.

The Enhancing Effect of a Triethanolamine-Ethanol-Isopropyl Myristate Mixed System on the Skin Permeation of Acidic Drugs.

Effect of Glycolic Acid on UVB-Induced Skin Damage and Inflammation in Guinea Pigs

Using Skin Models to Assess the Effects of a Protection Cream on Skin Barrier Function

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About