“…Coupling the CDs with magnetic nanoparticles can acquire multimodal fluorescence/magnetic resonance imaging of human ovarian cancer cells. Shokrani et al introduced a multifunctional-aptamer nanoprobe consisting of TOV6 APT-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-carbon dots (APTSPION-CDs) for fluorescence and magnetic resonance targeted imaging (FI/MRI) of human ovarian cancer cells ( Figure 3 ) [ 65 ]. In vitro cellular uptake and signal enhancement of this multimodal FI/MRI nanoprobe demonstrated the potential application of APT-SPION-CDs as a contrast agent for MRI and as a fluorescent probe for fluorescence microscopic imaging.…”
Section: Imagingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… The illustration of the aptamer-targeted nanoprobe for multimodal fluorescence/magnetic resonance imaging ( a ) and different internalization of aptamer-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-carbon dots into target and control cells ( b ) [ 65 ]. Copyright 2021, Springer.…”
Gynecologic cancers are one of the main health concerns of women throughout the world, and the early diagnosis and effective therapy of gynecologic cancers will be particularly important for the survival of female patients. As a current hotspot, carbon nanomaterials have attracted tremendous interest in tumor theranostics, and their application in gynecologic cancers has also been developed rapidly with great achievements in recent years. This Overview Article summarizes the latest progress in the application of diverse carbon nanomaterials (e.g., graphenes, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous carbon, carbon dots, etc.) and their derivatives in the sensing, imaging, drug delivery, and therapy of different gynecologic cancers. Important research contributions are highlighted in terms of the relationships among the fabrication strategies, architectural features, and action mechanisms for the diagnosis and therapy of gynecologic cancers. The current challenges and future strategies are discussed from the viewpoint of the real clinical application of carbon-based nanomedicines in gynecologic cancers. It is anticipated that this review will attract more attention toward the development and application of carbon nanomaterials for the theranostics of gynecologic cancers.
“…Coupling the CDs with magnetic nanoparticles can acquire multimodal fluorescence/magnetic resonance imaging of human ovarian cancer cells. Shokrani et al introduced a multifunctional-aptamer nanoprobe consisting of TOV6 APT-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-carbon dots (APTSPION-CDs) for fluorescence and magnetic resonance targeted imaging (FI/MRI) of human ovarian cancer cells ( Figure 3 ) [ 65 ]. In vitro cellular uptake and signal enhancement of this multimodal FI/MRI nanoprobe demonstrated the potential application of APT-SPION-CDs as a contrast agent for MRI and as a fluorescent probe for fluorescence microscopic imaging.…”
Section: Imagingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… The illustration of the aptamer-targeted nanoprobe for multimodal fluorescence/magnetic resonance imaging ( a ) and different internalization of aptamer-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-carbon dots into target and control cells ( b ) [ 65 ]. Copyright 2021, Springer.…”
Gynecologic cancers are one of the main health concerns of women throughout the world, and the early diagnosis and effective therapy of gynecologic cancers will be particularly important for the survival of female patients. As a current hotspot, carbon nanomaterials have attracted tremendous interest in tumor theranostics, and their application in gynecologic cancers has also been developed rapidly with great achievements in recent years. This Overview Article summarizes the latest progress in the application of diverse carbon nanomaterials (e.g., graphenes, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous carbon, carbon dots, etc.) and their derivatives in the sensing, imaging, drug delivery, and therapy of different gynecologic cancers. Important research contributions are highlighted in terms of the relationships among the fabrication strategies, architectural features, and action mechanisms for the diagnosis and therapy of gynecologic cancers. The current challenges and future strategies are discussed from the viewpoint of the real clinical application of carbon-based nanomedicines in gynecologic cancers. It is anticipated that this review will attract more attention toward the development and application of carbon nanomaterials for the theranostics of gynecologic cancers.
“…Nanotechnology based systems can be modified with additional combinatorial modalities such as drug encapsulation (Suardi et al, 2020), stimuli-responsive moieties (Guo et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020), chemical conjugation (Taheri-Ledari et al, 2022), surface tethered prodrugs (Song et al, 2019), and tracer agents (Asgari et al, 2021). Thus, nano-systems offer significant scope for the development of theranostics (Xue et al, 2021;Kashyap et al, 2023).…”
Section: Assessment Of Experimental Biomarkers As Future Theranostic ...mentioning
Ovarian cancers are a complex and heterogenic group of malignancies that are difficult to detect, diagnose and treat. Fortunately, considerable knowledge of ovarian cancer specific biomarkers has been generated, that is pertinent to the development of novel theranostic platforms by combining therapies and diagnostics. Genomic and proteomic data has been invaluable in providing critical biomolecular targets for ovarian cancer theranostic approaches. Exploitation of the wealth of biomarker research that has been conducted offers viable targets as beacons for ovarian cancer detection, diagnosis, and therapeutic targeting. These markers can be used in theranostics, a treatment strategy that combines therapy and diagnostics and is common in nuclear medicine, where radionuclides are used for both diagnosis and treatment. The development of theranostics has taken substantial focus in recent years in the battle against ovarian cancer. Yet to date only one theranostic technology has emerged in clinical practice. However, given the wealth of ovarian cancer biomarkers the field is poised to see the emergence of revolutionary disease treatment and monitoring outcomes through their incorporation into the development of theranostic strategies. The future of ovarian cancer treatment is set to enable precise diagnosis, targeted treatment, and vigilant monitoring. This review aims to assess the status of ovarian cancer diagnostic tools and biomarkers in practice, clinical development, or pre-clinical development, highlighting newly emerging theranostic applications.
Delayed diagnosis of cancer using conventional diagnostic modalities needs to be addressed to reduce the mortality rate of cancer. Recently, 2D nanomaterial-enabled advanced biosensors have shown potential towards the early diagnosis of cancer. The high surface area, surface functional groups availability, and excellent electrical conductivity of MXene make it the 2D material of choice for the fabrication of advanced electrochemical biosensors for disease diagnostics. MXene-enabled electrochemical aptasensors have shown great promise for the detection of cancer biomarkers with a femtomolar limit of detection. Additionally, the stability, ease of synthesis, good reproducibility, and high specificity offered by MXene-enabled aptasensors hold promise to be the mainstream diagnostic approach. In this review, the design and fabrication of MXene-based electrochemical aptasensors for the detection of cancer biomarkers have been discussed. Besides, various synthetic processes and useful properties of MXenes which can be tuned and optimized easily and efficiently to fabricate sensitive biosensors have been elucidated. Further, futuristic sensing applications along with challenges will be deliberated herein.
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