Aptamer‐functionalized field‐effect transistor biosensors for disease diagnosis and environmental monitoring

Abstract

Nano-biosensors that are composed of recognition molecules and nanomaterials have been extensively utilized in disease diagnosis, health management, and environmental monitoring. As a type of nano-biosensors, molecular specificity field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors with signal amplification capability exhibit prominent advantages including fast response speed, ease of miniaturization, and integration, promising their high sensitivity for molecules detection and identification. With intrinsic characteristics of high stability and structural tunability, aptamer has become one of the most commonly applied biological recognition units in the FET sensing fields. This review summarizes the recent progress of FET biosensors based on aptamer functionalized nanomaterials in medical diagnosis and environmental monitoring. The structure, sensing principles, preparation methods, and functionalization strategies of aptamer modified FET biosensors were comprehensively summarized. The relationship between structure and sensing performance of FET biosensors was reviewed. Furthermore, the challenges and future perspectives of FET biosensors were also discussed, so as to provide support for the future development of efficient healthcare management and environmental monitoring devices.

Polymeric integration of structure-switching aptamers on transistors for histamine sensing

“…Electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors (EG-FETs) are becoming the transducer of choice for many biosensors due to their superior electronic properties and intrinsic signal amplification, which allows the sensitive detection of small molecules. 1–4 The formation of an electric double layer at the electrolyte/semiconductor interface of EG-FETs leads to a large gate capacitance, which enables device functionality below ±1 V, a necessary condition when using water-based electrolytes; electrochemical decomposition occurs at 1.23 V. 5 Among the channel materials for EG-FETs, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have demonstrated high potential for sensitive small-molecule biosensing, due to nanometric dimensions comparable to analytes of interest. With diameters that vary from 0.4 nm to 100 nm and a length up to tens of micrometers, CNTs have high aspect-ratios and subsequently high surface areas available for functionalization with bioreceptors.…”

“…1 Structure-switching aptamers have been previously shown to fulfil this requirement. 1,4,12–14 Aptamers are artificial single-stranded oligonucleotides designed to recognize targets of interest with high affinity and selectivity through combinatorial in vitro selection. 15–18 For certain sequences designed to undergo conformational changes upon target recognition, the negatively charged phosphate backbone moves within or near the λ D .…”

Colorimetric and Photothermal Dual-Modal Switching Lateral Flow Immunoassay Based on a Forced Dispersion Prussian Blue Nanocomposite for the Sensitive Detection of Prostate-Specific Antigen

“…Prostate cancer poses a grave threat to male health, accounting for a staggering 26% of male malignant tumor incidence rates worldwide, ranking at the forefront. , Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), serving as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer, is widely employed to indicate the onset and progression stages of the disease. , Consequently, the development and implementation of high-sensitivity PSA detection methods have emerged as a focal point in the realm of prostate cancer prevention and treatment. − To improve the precision and dependability of PSA detection, novel techniques and methods were explored, such as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) a field transistor biosensor, , a quartz crystal microbalance, and microfluidic technology . Among them, widely reported ELISA was recognized by researchers for its high sensitivity and quantification capabilities. ,, However, reliable PSA results through ELISA require specialized equipment, trained personnel, and a consistent laboratory environment. ,, Accordingly, the application of ELISA in point-of-care testing (POCT) is hindered by the extended detection time, demanding requirements, and complex operation. − …”

Solid Phase Oligo-DNA Extraction from Complex Medium Using an Aminated Graphene/Nitrocellulose Membrane Hybrid

“…Among the well-known graphene derivatives like pristine graphene, GO, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), graphene nanoplatelets, and graphane, there is another derivative called amino-polyethylene glycol functionalized reduced graphene oxide (NH 2 -PEG-rGO) with great promise in biomedical applications [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. NH 2 -PEG-rGO serves as support material for DNA immobilization in various approaches, such as field effect transistors (FET) [ 19 , 20 ], electrochemical [ 21 , 22 ], and fluorescent-based biosensors [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Among these options, fluorescent biosensors have captured the attention of researchers due to their distinctive characteristics, which encompass selectivity, sensitivity, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and rapid response [ 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”