Approaches to reduce zinc and iron deficits in food systems

Gregory, P. J.; Wahbi, Ammar; Adu-Gyamfi, Joseph; Heiling, Maria; Gruber, Roman; Joy, Edward J. M.; Broadley, Martin R.

doi:10.1016/j.gfs.2017.03.003

Cited by 113 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…However, application of Zn fertiliser as a foliar spray can reduce the amount Zn fertiliser needed in granular form and cereals are more responsive in terms of increase in grain Zn concentration, albeit at higher application costs. It is possible to reduce the cost of application by combining foliar application of Zn with pesticide applications [ 6 , 17 , 53 ]. Based on a wide survey of farmers, application of basal Zn fertilisers increased grain yield in wheat in Indo-Gangetic area of Sindh and Punjab Provinces of Pakistan [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zinc is an essential element for plants and people [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Approximately 20% percent of the world’s population is at risk of having insufficient Zn in their diets, based on food supply and composition, with much greater proportions at risk in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Dietary Zn deficiency is linked to diarrhoea, respiratory infections and stunting (low height to weight ratios) in children [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in grain Zn concentration, and the grain ionome, in field-grown Indian wheat

et al. 2018

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Wheat is an important dietary source of zinc (Zn) and other mineral elements in many countries. Dietary Zn deficiency is widespread, especially in developing countries, and breeding (genetic biofortification) through the HarvestPlus programme has recently started to deliver new wheat varieties to help alleviate this problem in South Asia. To better understand the potential of wheat to alleviate dietary Zn deficiency, this study aimed to characterise the baseline effects of genotype (G), site (E), and genotype by site interactions (GxE) on grain Zn concentration under a wide range of soil conditions in India. Field experiments were conducted on a diverse panel of 36 Indian-adapted wheat genotypes, grown on a range of soil types (pH range 4.5–9.5), in 2013–14 (five sites) and 2014–15 (six sites). Grain samples were analysed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The mean grain Zn concentration of the genotypes ranged from 24.9–34.8 mg kg-1, averaged across site and year. Genotype and site effects were associated with 10% and 6% of the overall variation in grain Zn concentration, respectively. Whilst G x E interaction effects were evident across the panel, some genotypes had consistent rankings between sites and years. Grain Zn concentration correlated positively with grain concentrations of iron (Fe), sulphur (S), and eight other elements, but did not correlate negatively with grain yield, i.e. no yield dilution was observed. Despite a relatively small contribution of genotype to the overall variation in grain Zn concentration, due to experiments being conducted across many contrasting sites and two years, our data are consistent with reports that biofortifying wheat through breeding is likely to be effective at scale given that some genotypes performed consistently across diverse soil types. Notably, all soils in this study were probably Zn deficient and interactions between wheat genotypes and soil Zn availability/management (e.g. the use of Zn-containing fertilisers) need to be better-understood to improve Zn supply in food systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in grain Zn concentration, and the grain ionome, in field-grown Indian wheat

et al. 2018

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“…Furthermore, mineral nutrients of food crop seeds are an essential part in human nutrition. For example, deficiency in zinc and iron in the human diet was defined as ‘hidden hunger’ and affects about 2 billion people worldwide, mainly in the developing world (Gregory et al , ; Cakmak and Kutman, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in phosphorus and sulfur content shapes the genetic architecture and phenotypic associations within the wheat grain ionome

et al. 2019

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Dissection of the genetic basis of wheat ionome is crucial for understanding the physiological and biochemical processes underlying mineral accumulation in seeds, as well as for efficient crop breeding. Most of the elements essential for plants are metals stored in seeds as chelate complexes with phytic acid or sulfur-containing compounds. We assume that the involvement of phosphorus and sulfur in metal chelation is the reason for strong phenotypic correlations within ionome. Adjustment of element concentrations for the effect of variation in phosphorus and sulfur seed content resulted in drastic change of phenotypic correlations between the elements. The genetic architecture of wheat grain ionome was characterized by quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using a cross between durum and wild emmer wheat. QTL analysis of the adjusted traits and two-trait analysis of the initial traits paired with either P or S considerably improved QTL detection power and accuracy, resulting in the identification of 105 QTLs and 617 QTL effects for 11 elements. Candidate gene search revealed some potential functional associations between QTLs and corresponding genes within their intervals. Thus, we have shown that accounting for variation in P and S is crucial for understanding of the physiological and genetic regulation of mineral composition of wheat grain ionome and can be implemented for other plants.

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“…Enrichment ( e.g ., biofortification) of seeds with Zn can be also achieved under field conditions by fertilization of mother plants with Zn fertilizers. Biofortification is an extensively used agricultural tool in enrichment of food crops with micronutrients ( Bouis , ; Cakmak et al, ; Gregory et al, ). Fertilizer strategy ( i.e ., agronomic biofortification) is an effective and quick way to increase Zn concentrations of seeds, especially through foliar Zn applications ( Cakmak , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc‐biofortified seeds improved seedling growth under zinc deficiency and drought stress in durum wheat

Candan

Çakmak

Öztürk

2018

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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High zinc (Zn) concentration of seeds has beneficial effects both on seed vigor and human nutrition. This study investigated the effect of Zn biofortification on growth of young durum wheat (Triticum durum cv. Yelken) seedlings under varied Zn and water supply. The seeds differing in Zn concentrations were obtained by spraying ZnSO4 to durum wheat plants at different rates under field conditions. Three groups of seeds were obtained with the following Zn concentrations: 9, 20, and 50 mg Zn kg−1. The seeds differing in Zn were tested for germination rate, seedling height, shoot dry matter production, and shoot Zn concentration under limited and well irrigated conditions in a Zn‐deficient soil with and without Zn application. In an additional experiment carried out in solution culture, root and shoot growth and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) of seedlings were studied under low and adequate Zn supply. Low seed Zn concentration resulted in significant decreases in seedling height both in Zn‐deficient and sufficient soil, but more clearly under water‐limited soil condition. Decrease in seed germination due to low seed Zn was also more evident under limited water supply. Increasing seed Zn concentration significantly restored impairments in seedling development. Drought‐induced decrease in seedling growth at a given seed Zn concentration was much higher when soil was Zn‐deficient. Increasing seed Zn concentration also significantly improved SOD activity in seedlings grown under low Zn supply, but not under adequate Zn supply. The results suggest that using Zn‐biofortified seeds assures better seed vigor and seedling growth, particularly when Zn and water are limited in the growth medium. The role of a higher antioxidative potential (i.e., higher SOD activity) is discussed as a possible major factor in better germination and development of seedlings resulting from Zn‐biofortified seeds.

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Approaches to reduce zinc and iron deficits in food systems

Cited by 113 publications

References 97 publications

Variation in grain Zn concentration, and the grain ionome, in field-grown Indian wheat

Variation in grain Zn concentration, and the grain ionome, in field-grown Indian wheat

Variation in phosphorus and sulfur content shapes the genetic architecture and phenotypic associations within the wheat grain ionome

Zinc‐biofortified seeds improved seedling growth under zinc deficiency and drought stress in durum wheat

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