Appraisal of environmental profiles of pasture-based milk production: a case study of dairy farms in the Waikato region, New Zealand

Chobtang, Jeerasak; Ledgard, S. F.; McLaren, Susan; Zonderland-Thomassen, M.A.; Donaghy, DJ

doi:10.1007/s11367-016-1033-9

Cited by 26 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Based on data associated with estimated pasture intake (Chobtang et al. ) and potential pasture production (Lee et al. ) in New Zealand dairy farming systems, there is potential to achieve dairy intensification through improved PUE (McCarthy et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increased milk production target was calculated as 20% over milk production per hectare in the Waikato region for the production year 2010–2011 of 12,851 kg fat‐ and protein‐corrected milk (FPCM) per hectare (the reference system) (Chobtang et al. ); it was assumed that milk production per cow was the same as that in the reference system: 4,730 kg of FPCM per cow.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), pasture production, and other relevant inputs (Chobtang et al. ). Elementary flows associated with the marginal production of maize grain and barley grain are presented in table S4 in the supporting information on the Web.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This refers to animals harvesting more feed from existing pastures (i.e., reducing unutilized pasture yield) (McCarthy et al 2014). Based on data associated with estimated pasture intake (Chobtang et al 2016) and potential pasture production (Lee et al 2012) in New Zealand dairy farming systems, there is potential to achieve dairy intensification through improved PUE (McCarthy et al 2014). In addition, increased use of fertilizers, especially nitrogen (N) fertilizers, can boost pasture production (Ledgard et al 1999;Vogeler and Cichota 2015).…”

Section: Selection Of Intensification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a Farm intensification scenarios: PUE = increased pasture utilization efficiency; N = increased use of nitrogen fertilizer; MS = increased use of brought-in maize silage. b An increased milk production target was calculated as 20% over milk production per hectare in the Waikato region for the production year 2010-2011 of 12,851 kg fat-and protein-corrected milk (FPCM) per hectare (the reference system) (Chobtang et al 2016); it was assumed that milk production per cow was the same as that in the reference system: 4,730 kg of FPCM per cow. kg FPCM/ha = kilograms of fat-and protein-corrected milk per hectare; kg N/ha = kilograms of nitrogen per hectare; kg DM/ha = kilograms of dry matter per hectare.…”

Section: Co-product Handling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consequential Life Cycle Assessment of Pasture‐based Milk Production: A Case Study in the Waikato Region, New Zealand

Chobtang¹,

McLaren²,

Ledgard³

et al. 2016

J of Industrial Ecology

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Summary Farm intensification options in pasture‐based dairy systems are generally associated with increased stocking rates coupled with the increased use of off‐farm inputs to support the additional feed demand of animals. However, as well as increasing milk production per hectare, intensification can also exacerbate adverse impacts on the environment. The objective of the present study was to investigate environmental trade‐offs associated with potential intensification methods for pasture‐based dairy farming systems in the Waikato region, New Zealand. The intensification scenarios selected were (1) increased pasture utilization efficiency (PUE scenario), (2) increased use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to boost on‐farm pasture production (N fertilizer scenario), and (3) increased use of brought‐in feed as maize silage (MS) (MS scenario). Twelve impact categories were assessed. The PUE scenario was the environmentally preferred intensification method, and the preferred choice between the N fertilizer and MS scenarios depended upon trade‐offs between different environmental impacts. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to test the effects of choice associated with: (1) the approaches used to account for indirect land‐use change (ILUC) and (2) the competing product systems (conventional beef systems) used to handle the co‐product dairy meat for the climate change (CC) indicator. Results showed that the magnitude of the CC indicator results was influenced by the ILUC accounting approaches and the choice associated with a global marginal beef mix, but the relative CC indicator results for the three intensification scenarios remained unchanged.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selection Of Intensification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Co-product Handling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consequential Life Cycle Assessment of Pasture‐based Milk Production: A Case Study in the Waikato Region, New Zealand

Chobtang¹,

McLaren²,

Ledgard³

et al. 2016

J of Industrial Ecology

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Overview on GHG emissions of raw milk production and a comparison of milk and cheese carbon footprints of two different systems from northern Spain

Laca

Rúa

Laca

et al. 2019

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Milk production was estimated to contribute with 3-4% of the anthropogenic 11 GHG emissions. However, several differences can be found in the carbon footprint 12 associated to raw milk depending on several factors, such as the geographical area, 13 species of cow and production system. In this work, a global overview of works 14 published on CF of raw cow milk is provided. Additionally, two different dairy systems 15 (semi-confinement and pasture-based) have been analysed by Life Cycle Assessment 16 (LCA) in order to determine the effect on the CF of milk produced. High quality 17 inventory data was obtained directly from these facilities and the main factors involved 18 in milk production were included (co-products, livestock food, water, electricity, diesel, 19 cleaning elements, transport, manure and purines management, gas emissions to air…). 20 In accordance with reviewed literature, it was found that the carbon footprint of milk 21 was basically determined by the cattle feeding and cow gas emissions. The values of 22 milk CF found in the systems under study were within the range for cow milk 23 production worldwide (0.9-4.7 kgCO2eq/kgFPCM). Specifically, in the semi-confinement 24 and the pasture-based dairy farms 1.22 and 0.99 kgCO2eq per kgFPCM were obtained, 25 2respectively. The environmental benefits obtained with the pasture grazing system are 26 mainly due to the less use of purchased fodder but also to the allocation between milk 27 and meat that resulted to be a determinant methodological issue in CF calculation. 28Finally, data of the evaluated dairy systems have been employed to analyse the 29 influence of raw milk production on cheese manufacturing. With this aim, CF of a 30 small-scale cheese factory has also been obtained. The main subsystems involved were included (raw materials, water, electricity, energy, cleaning products, packaging 32 materials, transport, wastes and gas emissions) were included in the inventory of the 33 cheese factory. CF values were 16.6 and 14.7 kgCO2eq per kg of cheese for milk 34 produced in semi-confinement and pasture-based systems, respectively. The production 35 of raw milk meant more than 60% of CO2eq emissions associated to cheese, so the 36 primary production is the principal hot-spot to reduce the GHG emissions derived from 37 cheese making.

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The effect of local climate and soil drainage on the environmental impact of grass-based milk production

Sharma

Humphreys

Holden

2017

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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Appraisal of environmental profiles of pasture-based milk production: a case study of dairy farms in the Waikato region, New Zealand

Cited by 26 publications

References 43 publications

Consequential Life Cycle Assessment of Pasture‐based Milk Production: A Case Study in the Waikato Region, New Zealand

Consequential Life Cycle Assessment of Pasture‐based Milk Production: A Case Study in the Waikato Region, New Zealand

Overview on GHG emissions of raw milk production and a comparison of milk and cheese carbon footprints of two different systems from northern Spain

The effect of local climate and soil drainage on the environmental impact of grass-based milk production

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