2016
DOI: 10.1111/jiec.12484
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Consequential Life Cycle Assessment of Pasture‐based Milk Production: A Case Study in the Waikato Region, New Zealand

Abstract: Summary Farm intensification options in pasture‐based dairy systems are generally associated with increased stocking rates coupled with the increased use of off‐farm inputs to support the additional feed demand of animals. However, as well as increasing milk production per hectare, intensification can also exacerbate adverse impacts on the environment. The objective of the present study was to investigate environmental trade‐offs associated with potential intensification methods for pasture‐based dairy farming… Show more

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Cited by 10 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…When local emission factors for N 2 O emissions from urine and dung [37] and those from Table 4 were taking into account, the C footprint for scenarios including pasture, without accounting for sequestered CO 2 -C from perennial pasture-0.91 kg CO 2 e (kg ECM) -1 -was lower than the range of values described above. However, these values were still greater than high-performance confinement systems in UK and USA [53] or grass based dairy systems in Ireland [9,53] and New Zealand [8,54], which ranged from 0.52 to 0.89 kg CO 2 e (kg ECM) -1 . Regardless of which emission factor was used, we found a lower C footprint in all conditions compared to scenarios with lower milk production per cow or in poor conditions of manure management, which ranged from 1.4 to 2.3 kg CO 2 e (kg ECM) -1 [8,55].…”
Section: Plos Onementioning
confidence: 85%
“…When local emission factors for N 2 O emissions from urine and dung [37] and those from Table 4 were taking into account, the C footprint for scenarios including pasture, without accounting for sequestered CO 2 -C from perennial pasture-0.91 kg CO 2 e (kg ECM) -1 -was lower than the range of values described above. However, these values were still greater than high-performance confinement systems in UK and USA [53] or grass based dairy systems in Ireland [9,53] and New Zealand [8,54], which ranged from 0.52 to 0.89 kg CO 2 e (kg ECM) -1 . Regardless of which emission factor was used, we found a lower C footprint in all conditions compared to scenarios with lower milk production per cow or in poor conditions of manure management, which ranged from 1.4 to 2.3 kg CO 2 e (kg ECM) -1 [8,55].…”
Section: Plos Onementioning
confidence: 85%
“…These studies have been reviewed and summarized by Baldini et al (2016), de Vries and de Boer (2010), and Yan et al (2011). Additionally, there are a few studies using consequential LCA to assess environmental impacts of future dairy farming systems (Chobtang et al, 2016c;Dalgaard et al, 2014;Nguyen et al, 2013;Thomassen et al, 2008). As consequential LCA accounts only for marginal technologies, as opposed to average technologies (Ekvall and Weidema, 2004;Weidema, 2003), the results derived from consequential LCA studies do not represent the average situation.…”
Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These are all products with relatively high carbon footprints (see, for example, Chobtang et al. , ), economic values, and calories compared with many other agri‐food products on a mass basis (e.g., many cereals, fruits, and vegetables); however, the yield per hectare is low compared with many other major agri‐food products (e.g., maize, potatoes, sugar cane). Therefore, the carbon budget for the NZ agri‐food sector is relatively high when using the grandfathering, economic, and calorific content methods, and low when using the agri‐land method.…”
Section: The Aslca Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%