Applications of Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Derived Carbon Materials

Abstract

production, especially for hydroelectricity, sunlight, and wind energy, which cannot be gathered or released when they are needed. [5][6][7][8] Electrochemical energy storage devices provide a promising approach for the storage of electric energy from these sources. [9][10][11] Currently, carbonaceous materials have attracted much interest for their extensive applications including adsorption, [12] catalysis, [13] batteries, [14] fuel cells, [15,16] supercapacitors, [17,18] and drug delivery and imaging. [19] In addition, some sensors are also one of the important applications of carbonaceous materials, because they are closely related to human health. [20,21] For instance, Emran and co-workers [22] constructed ultrasensitive biosensors with N-doped mesoporous carbon (NMC)-based electrodes for in vitro monitoring of DA released from living cells. With the further study of the experiment, they also designed a series of S-doped carbon materials for a wider detection of DA, UA (uric acid), and AA (ascorbic acid). [23,24] The advantages of easy preparing, nontoxic and excellent electrical conductivity of carbonaceous materials, which are rare among energy storage materials, make carbonaceous materials superior to most of the energy storage materials. [25][26][27] There are varieties of approaches for the preparation of carbon materials, such as directly carbonizing from organic precursors, physically or chemically carbonizing from carbon, template methods using zeolites and mesoporous silica, solvothermal and hydrothermal methods with elevated temperature, the electrical arc methods, and chemical vapor decomposition (CVD) methods. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Among all these approaches, directly carbonizing from organic precursors is the most frequently used method to prepare nanoporous carbons (NPCs) due to its flexibility and simplicity. [35][36][37] However, these NPC materials present certain drawbacks, such as low surface areas, disordered structures, and ununiformed sizes, which will greatly limit their applications. [25] As studies have progressed, researchers found that carbon materials derived from metalorganic frameworks (MOFs) could overcome these limitations.Metal-organic frameworks, which are also named porous coordination polymers (PCPs), are crystalline porous materials with periodic network structures formed by metal ions (or metal clusters) and organic ligands. [38][39][40][41][42] They are usually prepared by solvothermal methods and used as precursors or templates to form nanostructured materials. [43][44][45] So far, many researchers have highlighted the advantages of MOFs. For Carbon materials derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention in the field of scientific research in recent years because of their advantages of excellent electron conductivity, high porosity, and diverse applications. Tremendous efforts are devoted to improving their chemical and physical properties, including optimizing the morphology and structure of the carbon materials, compositing them wi...

Exposing {001} Crystal Plane on Hexagonal Ni‐MOF with Surface‐Grown Cross‐Linked Mesh‐Structures for Electrochemical Energy Storage

“…It is well known that the electrochemical properties of electrochemical energy storage devices mainly depend on the electrode materials. According to the working mechanism of supercapacitors, electrode materials are classified into carbon materials (electric‐double‐layer capacitors) and pseudocapacitor electrode materials including metal sulfide, metal oxides, metal selenide, metal hydroxide, conductive polymers, and so on, which mainly store energy by reversible redox reactions. Recently, rapidly growing MOF materials have achieved extensive specific surface area, large pore volume, and uniform pore dispersions, which can provide potential electrode candidates for SCs .…”

Redox Tuning in Crystalline and Electronic Structure of Bimetal–Organic Frameworks Derived Cobalt/Nickel Boride/Sulfide for Boosted Faradaic Capacitance

“…The peaks at 163.28 and 162.08 eV for S 2p are related to the metal‐S bonds (Figure e) . The peaks at 168.7 and 168.6 eV for S 2p are the intimations of SO bonds, suggesting the efficient filling of S in the vacancies f), which can be classified as lattice oxygen (O I , ≈531.1 eV), oxygen vacancies (O II , ≈531.8 eV), and chemisorbed or dissociated oxygen or OH species (O III , ≈533.4 eV) .…”

Designing Advanced Catalysts for Energy Conversion Based on Urea Oxidation Reaction

“…MOFs are crystalline porous materials, which consist of metallic cation centers and bridging ligands. Thanks to their well‐developed porous structures and tunable chemical properties, MOFs and their derivatives have been widely used as catalysts for all kinds of environmental and energy applications . Pan et al presented ZIF‐67‐derived (ZIF = Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework) hollow polyhedron frames, which are doped with another transition metal element, including Ni, Mn, and Fe (Figure e) .…”