Applications of Chelating Agents in the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry: A Review

Hassan, Amjed; Mahmoud, Mohamed; Bageri, Badr; Aljawad, Murtada Saleh; Barri, Assad; Hussein, Ibnelwaleed A.

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c03279

Cited by 62 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…Theoretical studies have provided exceptional insights on the atomistic scale that aids in understanding chemical process mechanisms. This application has also gained wide use in oilfield chemistry, particularly in scale removal [9,[25][26][27][28]. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) are reliable theoretical techniques that provide accurate results for understanding chemical systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Studies of a Silica Functionalized Acrylamide for Calcium Scale Inhibition

et al. 2022

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The calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scale is one of the most common oilfield scales and oil and gas production bane. CaCO3 scale can lead to a sudden halt in production or, worst-case scenario, accidents; therefore, CaCO3 scale formation prevention is essential for the oil and gas industry. Scale inhibitors are chemicals that can mitigate this problem. We used two popular theoretical techniques in this study: Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD). The objective was to investigate the inhibitory abilities of mixed oligomers, specifically acrylamide functionalized silica (AM-Silica). DFT studies indicate that Ca2+ does not bind readily to acryl acid and acrylamide; however, it has a good binding affinity with PAM and Silica functionalized PAM. The highest binding affinity occurs in the silica region and not the –CONH functional groups. AIMD calculations corroborate the DFT studies, as observed from the MD trajectory that Ca2+ binds to PAM-Silica by forming bonds with silicon; however, Ca2+ initially forms a bond with silicon in the presence of water molecules. This bonding does not last long, and it subsequently bonds with the oxygen atoms present in the water molecule. PAM-Silica is a suitable calcium scale inhibitor because of its high binding affinity with Ca2+. Theoretical studies (DFT and AIMD) have provided atomic insights on how AM-Silica could be used as an efficient scale inhibitor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Studies of a Silica Functionalized Acrylamide for Calcium Scale Inhibition

et al. 2022

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“…Chelating agents were initially used to reduce formation damage caused by filter cakes and scales around the perforation. Recently, chelating agents were used as a replacement for breakers, iron controls, and viscosifiers such as surfactants, polymers, and cross-linkers [ 30 ]. Chelating agents are used with seawater-based fracturing fluids to remove the impact of seawater by removing its hardness [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It reduces the interfacial tension of fracturing fluid, compatible with SW, and shows stability at high-temperature environments up to 150 °C [ 1 , 32 , 33 ]. It has different reaction mechanisms with minerals at different pH levels [ 30 ]. It is also biodegradable, which makes it environmentally superior to the other chelating agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chelating Agents Usage in Optimization of Fracturing Fluid Rheology Prepared from Seawater

et al. 2021

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Hydraulic fracturing consumes massive volumes of freshwater that is usually scarce and costly. Such operation is not sustainable, and hence seawater could be used as an alternative. Nevertheless, seawater has high total dissolved solids (TDS), affecting the fracturing fluid rheology and providing a damage potential to the subterranean hydrocarbon reservoirs. Resolving these issues requires fracturing fluid systems with many additives, which results in an expensive and non-eco-friendly system. This study proposes eco-friendly and biodegradable chelating agents that could replace many additives such as scale inhibitors and crosslinkers. The study aims to optimize the rheology of seawater fracturing fluids using a chelating agent and polymer. By optimizing N,N-Dicarboxymethyl glutamic acid (GLDA) conditions, high viscosity was achieved using a standard industry rheometer. The GLDA was mixed with carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar (CMHPG) polymer and tested in both deionized water (DW) and seawater (SW). The polymer was examined first, where the rheology did not show a time-dependent behavior. The polymer in SW showed a slightly higher viscosity than in DW. The GLDA and CMHPG were tested at different temperatures, pH, and concentrations. These sets showed a time-dependent viscosity behavior, which can be utilized in various fracturing steps. Results showed that the solution pH and GLDA concentration significantly impacted the fluid viscosity magnitude and behavior. The developed formulation is shear thinning, where the viscosity declines as the shear rate increases. The temperature negatively impacted the viscosity and caused the formulation to break. The study provided an understanding of how to optimize the rheology of SW fracturing fluid based on GLDA chelating and CMHPG polymer.

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“…The commercial development of unconventional reservoirs is closely related to the application of multistage fractured horizontal wells [6]. At present, large-scale segmented hydraulic fracturing stimulation technology is usually used to improve the production of shale oil and gas [7][8][9], which has become the main technology for the commercial development of unconventional resources [10]. However, the matching perforation completion technology and large-scale hydraulic fracturing in the later stage will damage the cement sheath body and cementing interface while enhancing oil recovery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Synchronous Propagation Behavior of Hydraulic Fractures and Cementing Interfacial Cracks during Fracturing of Shale Horizontal Wells

et al. 2021

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Large-scale staged hydraulic fracturing stimulation technology is an effective method to increase shale oil and gas recovery. However, cracks will appear along with the cementing interface and expand under the drive of fluid while hydraulic fracturing, failing wellbore sealing. To solve this problem, the synchronous propagation model of hydraulic fractures and cementing interfacial cracks in hydraulic fracturing is established. The Newton iteration method and displacement discontinuity method are used to solve the propagation length of each fracture, and the effects of cement sheath parameters and fracture parameters on the interface failure range are studied. The results show that when multiple hydraulic fractures expand, the interfacial cracks are also affected by “stress shadow,” offering an asymmetric expansion, and the cementing interfacial cracks in the area between hydraulic fractures are easier to expand. The failure range of interface between the hydraulic fractures expands rapidly if the cement elastic modulus increases from 5 GPa to 10 GPa; while the cement elastic modulus is higher than 10 GPa, the failure area is mainly affected by the number of hydraulic fractures; the failure range is not affected by the number of hydraulic fractures if the hydraulic fracture spacing is less than 10 m or more than 30 m; while the crack spacing is between 10 m and 30 m, the more the number of hydraulic fractures, the easier it is to cause the interface failure range to increase and connect. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of cement slurry systems and fracturing parameters.

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Applications of Chelating Agents in the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry: A Review

Cited by 62 publications

References 152 publications

Theoretical Studies of a Silica Functionalized Acrylamide for Calcium Scale Inhibition

Theoretical Studies of a Silica Functionalized Acrylamide for Calcium Scale Inhibition

Chelating Agents Usage in Optimization of Fracturing Fluid Rheology Prepared from Seawater

Study on Synchronous Propagation Behavior of Hydraulic Fractures and Cementing Interfacial Cracks during Fracturing of Shale Horizontal Wells

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