Applications of Atmospheric Chemistry

Finlayson-Pitts, B. J.

doi:10.1016/b978-012257060-5/50018-6

Cited by 581 publications

(971 citation statements)

References 330 publications

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“…Addition of water into initial clusters proceeds through: (10) Reactions (5) and (7) are taken to be rate-limiting steps, resulting in an overall second order dependence of particle formation on water. …”

Section: View Article Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 In addition, particles have well-known deleterious impacts on human health 7,8 and visibility. [9][10][11] Despite these impacts, the underlying mechanisms and the potential species driving NPF are not well understood. This limits our ability to quantitatively assess the impacts of particles on visibility, human health and climate change as well as to develop effective control strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New particle formation and growth from methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water

Chen

Ezell

Arquero

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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110

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New particle formation from gas-to-particle conversion represents a dominant source of atmospheric particles and affects radiative forcing, climate and human health. The species involved in new particle formation and the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. Although sulfuric acid is commonly recognized as driving new particle formation, increasing evidence suggests the involvement of other species. Here we study particle formation and growth from methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water at reaction times from 2.3 to 32 s where particles are 2-10 nm in diameter using a newly designed and tested flow system. The flow system has multiple inlets to facilitate changing the mixing sequence of gaseous precursors. The relative humidity and precursor concentrations, as well as the mixing sequence, are varied to explore their effects on particle formation and growth in order to provide insight into the important mechanistic steps. We show that water is involved in the formation of initial clusters, greatly enhancing their formation as well as growth into detectable size ranges. A kinetics box model is developed that quantitatively reproduces the experimental data under various conditions. Although the proposed scheme is not definitive, it suggests that incorporating such mechanisms into atmospheric models may be feasible in the near future.

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Section: View Article Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New particle formation and growth from methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water

Chen

Ezell

Arquero

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

Self Cite

110

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“…During the experiment, the N 2 O 5 powder vaporizes into gaseous N 2 O 5 and then decomposes into NO 2 and NO 3 radical in the reaction chamber at room temperature. 20 The calculated concentrations of the NO 3 radicals in the chamber for these experiments are (0.6−7.0) × 10 9 molecules cm −3 according to the measured decay rates of isoprene ((0.4−1.9) × 10 −3 s −1 ) and the reported rate constant of the reaction between isoprene and NO 3 radical (7 × 10 −13 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 ) at 298 K. 21 2.3. GC/MS Analyses.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Reactions of Pirimiphos-Methyl and Pirimicarb with NO₃ Radicals

et al. 2012

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Pirimiphos-methyl (PMM) and pirimicarb (PM) are two typical N,N-dialkyl substituted pyrimidine pesticides. The heterogeneous reactions of suspended PMM and PM particles with NO 3 radicals are investigated using an online aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer and a real-time atmospheric gas analysis mass spectrometer. Three products for PMM and five products for PM are observed and assigned with the aid of GC/MS. Phosphoric acid 2-diethylamino-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl dimethyl ester and 2-(dimethylamino)-5,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-pyrimidine are the main reaction products observed for PMM and PM, respectively. The effective rate constants for the reactions of PMM and PM particles with NO 3 radicals are (9.9 ± 0.3) × 10 −12 and (7.5 ± 0.3) × 10 −13 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 , respectively, obtained using a mixed-phase relative rate method. Geometries and energies of transition states (TS) and intermediates (IM) are obtained by DFT calculation to elucidate the detailed mechanism of the PS group oxidation into the PO group for PMM. The theoretical studies present the reasonable intermediates including the S-oxide and the diradical (IM1 a and IM2 a ). The mechanism explanation may provide useful information for understanding the degradation mechanism of organothionophosphorus compounds in the environment.

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“…As important precursors of ozone [8][9][10], AHs contribute substantially to ambient ozone particularly in polluted urban environments, and photooxidation of AHs was estimated to contribute up to ∼30% of photochemically produced ozone in the boundary layer over Europe [11]. AHs are also most important anthropogenic precursors of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Although estimated SOA from biogenic sources substantially exceeds that from anthropogenic sources on the global scale [18,19], AHs have been identified as dominant SOA precursors in some highly industrialized and densely populated regions, like the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source attributions of hazardous aromatic hydrocarbons in urban, suburban and rural areas in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region

Zhang

Wang

Barletta

et al. 2013

Journal of Hazardous Materials

132

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h i g h l i g h t sWe measured aromatic hydrocarbons at four contrasting sites in the PRD region. Diagnostic ratios were used to imply sources of aromatic hydrocarbons. Sources of aromatic hydrocarbons were apportioned by PMF receptor model. Solvent use, vehicle exhaust and biomass burning contributed over 89% AHs. Biomass burning contributed to AHs, particularly for Benzene in the rural. t r a c tAromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) are both hazardous air pollutants and important precursors to ozone and secondary organic aerosols. Here we investigated 14 C 6 -C 9 AHs at one urban, one suburban and two rural sites in the Pearl River Delta region during November-December 2009. The ratios of individual aromatics to acetylene were compared among these contrasting sites to indicate their difference in source contributions from solvent use and vehicle emissions. Ratios of toluene to benzene (T/B) in urban (1.8) and suburban (1.6) were near that of vehicle emissions. Higher T/B of 2.5 at the rural site downwind the industry zones reflected substantial contribution of solvent use while T/B of 0.8 at the upwind rural site reflected the impact of biomass burning. Source apportionment by positive matrix factorization (PMF) revealed that solvent use, vehicle exhaust and biomass burning altogether accounted for 89-94% of observed AHs. Vehicle exhaust was the major source for benzene with a share of 43-70% and biomass burning in particular contributed 30% to benzene in the upwind rural site; toluene, C 8 -aromatics and C 9 -aromatics, however, were mainly from solvent use, with contribution percentages of 47-59%, 52-59% and 41-64%, respectively.

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Applications of Atmospheric Chemistry

Cited by 581 publications

References 330 publications

New particle formation and growth from methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water

New particle formation and growth from methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water

Heterogeneous Reactions of Pirimiphos-Methyl and Pirimicarb with NO₃ Radicals

Source attributions of hazardous aromatic hydrocarbons in urban, suburban and rural areas in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region

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Applications of Atmospheric Chemistry

Cited by 581 publications

References 330 publications

New particle formation and growth from methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water

New particle formation and growth from methanesulfonic acid, trimethylamine and water

Heterogeneous Reactions of Pirimiphos-Methyl and Pirimicarb with NO3 Radicals

Source attributions of hazardous aromatic hydrocarbons in urban, suburban and rural areas in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region

Contact Info

Product

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Heterogeneous Reactions of Pirimiphos-Methyl and Pirimicarb with NO₃ Radicals