Applications Characteristics of Different Biodiesel Blends in Modern Vehicles Engines: A Review

Abstract

Two main aspects of the transportation industry are pollution to the environment and depletion of fossil fuels. In the transportation industry, the pollution to the environment can be reduced with the use of cleaner fuel, such as gas-to-liquid fuel, to reduce the exhaust emissions from engines. However, the depletion of fossil fuels is still significant. Biodiesel is a non-toxic, renewable, and biodegradable fuel that is considered an alternative resource to conventional diesel fuel. Even though biodiesel shows advantages as a renewable source, there are still minor drawbacks while operating in diesel engines. Modern vehicle engines are designed to be powered by conventional diesel fuel or gasoline fuel. In this review, the performance, emissions, combustion, and endurance characteristics of different types of diesel engines with various conditions are assessed with biodiesel and blended fuel as well as the effect of biodiesel on the diesel engines. The results show that biodiesel and blended fuel had fewer emissions of CO, HC, and PM but higher NOx emissions than the diesel-fuelled engine. In the endurance test, biodiesel and blended fuel showed less wear and carbon deposits. A high concentration of wear debris was found inside the lubricating oil while the engine operated with biodiesel and blends. The performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of biodiesel and its blends showed that it can be used in a diesel engine. However, further research on long-term endurance tests is required to obtain a better understanding of endurance characteristics about engine wear of the diesel engine using biodiesel and its blends.

A Review on the Influence of Additive Blended Biodiesel to the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

“…According to research, animal and vegetable crude oils used in biodiesel formulations without proper chemical additive treatment can lead to lubricating oil gelling, ring sticking, persistent engine deposits, and other maintenance issues even at low concentrations of 2% in conventional diesel [14]. This is primarily due to crude oils having a higher viscosity than regular diesel, for which high performance engines are designed.…”

A Hybrid Intuitionistic Fuzzy-MEREC-RS-DNMA Method for Assessing the Alternative Fuel Vehicles with Sustainability Perspectives

“…Step 4: To compute the objective weights of criteria by MEREC, firstly the normalized AIF-DM is computed with the use of Equation (19). Next, the overall performances of the options based on Equation ( 20) are determined and presented as S 1 = 0.370, S 2 = 0.353, S 3 = 0.404, S 4 = 0.358 and S 5 = 0.389.…”

“…Onat [18] provided an integrated sustainability framework to analyze environmental, social, and economic impacts, and to rank alternative fuel vehicles. Loo et al [19] analyzed the characteristics of different biodiesel blends that can be used in vehicle's engines. Peksen [20] reviewed the potential of new energy vehicles and hydrogen technology.…”

Ultrasonication Assisted Catalytic Transesterification of Ceiba Pentandra (Kapok) Oil Derived Biodiesel Using Immobilized Iron Nanoparticles

“…Biodiesel of kapok oil was identified with 1 H-NMR spectroscopy, which classifies the presence of hydroxyl functional groups at various places of a carbon chain [51]. 1 H NMR spectrum of Kapok oil biodiesel is presented in Figure 6. The presence of alkyl, alkynes, ethers, alcohols with α-proton shift and esters are observed.…”

“…The economically significant production of carbon-neutral biodiesel from non-edible oilseeds has attracted attention as the ultimate alternative to depleting resources of petrodiesel [1]. The economic yet sustainable production of biodiesel from non-edible oilseeds as feedstock has caught the attention as a promising alternative to conventional diesel due to Fuels 2022, 3 its renewable and environmentally friendly nature [2,3].…”