Application of WO3 Hierarchical Structures for the Detection of Dissolved Gases in Transformer Oil: A Mini Review

Abstract

Oil-immersed power transformers are considered to be one of the most crucial and expensive devices used in power systems. Hence, high-performance gas sensors have been extensively explored and are widely used for detecting fault characteristic gases dissolved in transformer oil which can be used to evaluate the working state of transformers and thus ensure the reliable operation of power grids. Hitherto, as a typical n-type metal-oxide semiconductor, tungsten trioxide (WO 3) has received considerable attention due to its unique structure. Also, the requirements for high quality gas detectors were given. Based on this, considerable efforts have been made to design and fabricate more prominent WO 3 based sensors with higher responses and more outstanding properties. Lots of research has focused on the synthesis of WO 3 nanomaterials with different effective and controllable strategies. Meanwhile, the various morphologies of currently synthesized nanostructures from 0-D to 3-D are discussed, along with their respective beneficial characteristics. Additionally, this paper focused on the gas sensing properties and mechanisms of the WO 3 based sensors, especially for the detection of fault characteristic gases. In all, the detailed analysis has contributed some beneficial guidance to the exploration on the surface morphology and special hierarchical structure of WO 3 for highly sensitive detection of fault characteristic gases in oil-immersed transformers.

A Review on the Properties and Applications of WO3 Nanostructure−Based Optical and Electronic Devices

“…At present, nanostructured WO 3 are deposited on various substrates to fabricate optical and electrical devices, such as TiO 2 [ 15 ], NiO [ 16 ], ZnO nanowires (NWs) [ 17 ], diamond [ 14 ], Fe 2 WO 6 [ 8 ], and BiVO 4 [ 18 ]. In the last few years, several review reports have been published based on photo catalysts [ 19 , 20 ], electrochromic devices [ 21 , 22 ], gas sensors [ 23 , 24 ], and oxygen-deficient WO 3 [ 25 ]. However, so far there is no review focusing specifically on nanostructured WO 3 optical and electrical devices.…”

Porous Pd–Sn Alloy Nanotube-Based Chemiresistor for Highly Stable and Sensitive H2 Detection

“…In this regard, chemiresistive sensors offer sensitive and rapid gas detection capabilities for hydrogen monitoring applications. Generally, semiconducting metal oxides (SMOs) are often used as chemiresistive sensing materials, such as WO 3 , , Ni x Co 3 – x O 4 , and CoV 2 O 6 , which require high operating temperatures to be widely used as commercialized H 2 sensors with high sensitivity at low analyte concentrations. However, the relatively limited detection range and poor cross-selectivity for most reducing gases critically limited the realization of SMO-based H 2 sensing in any practical capacity.…”

Adsorption and Sensing Performances of Pristine and Au-Decorated Gallium Nitride Monolayer to Noxious Gas Molecules: A DFT Investigation

“…To quest for the excellent and unique electronic properties of materials, semiconductor materials have gradually become one of the global research hotspots in the realm of sensor components and optoelectronic devices ( Zhou et al, 2018a ; Wei et al, 2020 ). Gallium nitride (GaN), the third generation semiconductor material, possesses exciting traits including high thermal conductivity, remarkable chemical stability, and wide direct band gap ( Sun et al, 2017 ; Cui et al, 2020 ).…”