A Review on the Properties and Applications of WO3 Nanostructure−Based Optical and Electronic Devices

Abstract

Tungsten oxide (WO3) is a wide band gap semiconductor with unintentionally n−doping performance, excellent conductivity, and high electron hall mobility, which is considered as a candidate material for application in optoelectronics. Several reviews on WO3 and its derivatives for various applications dealing with electrochemical, photoelectrochemical, hybrid photocatalysts, electrochemical energy storage, and gas sensors have appeared recently. Moreover, the nanostructured transition metal oxides have attracted considerable attention in the past decade because of their unique chemical, photochromic, and physical properties leading to numerous other potential applications. Owing to their distinctive photoluminescence (PL), electrochromic and electrical properties, WO3 nanostructure−based optical and electronic devices application have attracted a wide range of research interests. This review mainly focuses on the up−to−date progress in different advanced strategies from fundamental analysis to improve WO3 optoelectric, electrochromic, and photochromic properties in the development of tungsten oxide−based advanced devices for optical and electronic applications including photodetectors, light−emitting diodes (LED), PL properties, electrical properties, and optical information storage. This review on the prior findings of WO3−related optical and electrical devices, as well as concluding remarks and forecasts will help researchers to advance the field of optoelectric applications of nanostructured transition metal oxides.

Cavity-Suppressing Electrode Integrated with Multi-Quantum Well Emitter: A Universal Approach Toward High-Performance Blue TADF Top Emission OLED

“…The dashed lines indicate that the proposed CSE has a considerably higher FoM than the other transparent electrodes. The lower sheet resistance of the CSE can be attributed to the negligible longitudinal resistance of the sandwiched WO 3 , as explained in Supplementary Information [ 26 ]. Hence, CSE exhibits low sheet resistance and a well-matched work function, which is beneficial for efficient charge injection.…”

“…To solve this problem, we have explored inorganic oxide materials that can replace conventional organic materials and selected an Ag/WO3/Ag structure as a cavity-suppressing transparent cathode for TADF-TEOLEDs. In this structure, we used WO 3 as a metal oxide layer because it is known as an n-type dielectric material with a high refractive index, low optical loss in the visible region, and high electron mobility; further, it can be readily deposited by means of thermal evaporation [ 25 , 26 ]. The optical transmittance of Ag/WO 3 /Ag-based cavity-suppressing electrode (CSE) can be tuned by varying the thickness of the WO 3 layer without compromising its sheet resistance [ 27 ].…”

Ultrathin Metal Hydroxide/Oxide Nanowires: Crystal Growth, Self-Assembly, and Fabrication for Optoelectronic Applications

“…Transition metal oxides nanowires are known as an important class of materials with a rich collection of physical and chemical properties due to their superior performances based on quantum confinement effects for various general applications, including electronic devices, optical devices, gas sensors, photovoltaics, photonic devices, energy storage devices, and catalysts [1][2][3][4][5]. The fabrication of one-dimensional (1 D) nanostructures of transition metal oxides semiconductor Nanostructured Materials -Classification, Growth, Simulation, Characterization, and Devices (TMOS) nanowires and nanorods has been recently fascinating for the next-generation high-performance "trillion sensor electronics" era for Internet of things (IoT) applications, mainly due to their high surface to volume ratio, high crystallinity, and low power consumption [6][7][8][9][10]. The ultrathin nanowires that have below 10 nm diameter offer interesting characteristics including new surface determined structures by tuning the surface chemistry of surfaces [11,12].…”

Nanostructured and nanocomposite Tungsten Oxide electrodes for electrochemical energy storage: A Short Review

“…Orthorhombic, cubic, triclinic, monoclinic, tetragonal, hexagonal, and orthorhombic WO3 structures have been reported. It could be used in optical and electrical applications because it has a high melting point, is photoelectrochemical, is hard, and has good mechanical properties [2]. When compared to sulphides, selenides, or halides, metal oxides appear to be especially attractive due to their lower molecular weight and/or toxicity.…”