Application of the Nano-Drug Delivery System in Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become a serious threat to human life and health. Though many drugs acting via different mechanism of action are available in the market as conventional formulations for the treatment of CVDs, they are still far from satisfactory due to poor water solubility, low biological efficacy, non-targeting, and drug resistance. Nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs) provide a new drug delivery method for the treatment of CVDs with the development of nanotechnology, demonstrating great advantages in solving the above problems. Nevertheless, there are some problems about NDDSs need to be addressed, such as cytotoxicity. In this review, the types and targeting strategies of NDDSs were summarized, and the new research progress in the diagnosis and therapy of CVDs in recent years was reviewed. Future prospective for nano-carriers in drug delivery for CVDs includes gene therapy, in order to provide more ideas for the improvement of cardiovascular drugs. In addition, its safety was also discussed in the review.

Carbon nanomaterials for cardiovascular theranostics: Promises and challenges

“…Nanomaterials have been explored as drug delivery carriers for localized and controlled delivery of drugs to the target site. In cardiovascular medicine, conventional drugs or novel synthetic compounds are delivered to reduce atherosclerotic lesion formation, promote angiogenesis in ischemic tissues and improve the remodelling process in the damaged organs [ [68] , [69] , [70] ]. In the emerging area of nanotechnology, carbon allotropes are considered as one of the cardinal classes, which have gained significant attention in drug delivery applications [ 71 , 72 ].…”

Nanomaterials as Novel Cardiovascular Theranostics

“…As evident from earlier studies, nano-based theranostics were found to influence the prognosis of atherosclerosis, angiogenesis and other CVDs by sensitive detection of pathophysiological conditions and also infer appropriate therapeutic measures [ 124 ]. The efficacy of nanotheranostics in CVDs lies in the early and sensitive detection of CVDs associated with pathophysiology, controlled and localized drug delivery, and prolonged therapeutic effect [ 125 ].…”

Recent Developments in Nanomaterial‐Based Shear‐Sensitive Drug Delivery Systems

“…While a few other physical stimuli such as light, heat, and ultrasound have been proposed or implemented for treating these conditions, shear stress as a mechanical trigger has the advantage of being endogenous and site‐specific to the bleeding or pathological location. [ 27–29 ] This review provides a critical literature survey of research from the past decade on shear‐triggered nanocarriers for drug delivery. This review will primarily focus on the formulations of the nanosystems and their shear response mechanisms, as opposed to previous reviews which focus more on the physiological and translational aspects of shear‐sensitive DDSs.…”