Application of Self-Assembly Nanoparticles Based on DVDMS for Fenton-Like Ion Delivery and Enhanced Sonodynamic Therapy

Abstract

Upon harnessing low-intensity ultrasound to activate sonosensitizers, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) induces cancer cell death through the reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated pathway. Compared with photodynamic therapy (PDT), SDT possesses numerous advantages, including deeper tissue penetration, higher accuracy, fewer side effects, and better patient compliance. Sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS), a sonosensitizer approved by the FDA, has drawn abundant attention in clinical research, but there are some deficiencies. In order to further improve the efficiency of DVDMS, many studies have applied self-assembly nanotechnology to modify it. Furthermore, the combined applications of SDT/chemodynamic therapy (CDT) have become a research hotspot in tumor therapy. Therefore, we explored the self-assembly of nanoparticles based on DVDMS and copper to combine SDT and CDT. A cost-effective sonosensitizer was synthesized by dropping CuCl2 into the DVDMS solution with the assistance of PVP. The results revealed that the nanostructures could exert excellent treatment effects on tumor therapy and perform well for PET imaging, indicating the potential for cancer theranostics. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the nanoparticles have outstanding biocompatibility, higher ROS production efficiency, and antitumor efficacy. We believe this design can represent a simple approach to combining SDT and CDT with potential applications in clinical treatment and PET imaging.

Heteronuclear dual-metal atom catalysts for nanocatalytic tumor therapy

“…When back to the low energy status, a large amount of energy is released, that stimulates hematoporphyrin to produce extremely unstable trivalent hematoporphyrin which quickly splits into monovalent hematoporphyrin, releasing O-based ROS. SDT uses ultrasound to have a strong ability to penetrate biological tissues [237][238][239]. In particular, focused ultrasound can non-invasively focus sound energy on deep tissues to activate some sound-sensitive catalysts to finally trigger the formation of ROS, which provides a potential localization treatment method to reduce the risk of side effects in other parts of the body.…”

Application of nanosonosensitizer materials in cancer sono-dynamic therapy

“…When CDT is combined with SDT, enhancing the efficiency of ROS generation and promoting the diffusion of nanoparticles to the deep sites of the tumor can significantly improve the therapeutic effect on the tumor. 129 Therefore, it is important to develop nanomaterials with high tumor specificity that bind CDT and SDT and modulate the tumor microenvironment.…”

Tumor Microenvironment‐Related Sonodynamic Therapy Mediates Tumor Therapy

“…[37,38] The process of SDT treatment will also induce certain changes in the immune environment, leading to long-term systemic antitumor immunity. However, the weak acidity of the Reverse immunosuppression CS-ID@NMS [49] Consumption of GSH Cu/DVDMS [149] Reverse immunosuppression, Consumption of GSH NPMCA [150] Relieve hypoxia Pd/H-TiO 2 NSs [151] TME-response Arg@VMT@PDA-PEG NSs [152] Catalytic conversion of H 2 O 2 to CO 2…”