Application of Polymer Drugs with Cerium Dioxide Nanomolecules and Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Skin Wounds in Aged Rats

Abstract

The urgency of the problem of wound healing is not in doubt, given the global trend of an increase in the number of operations and injuries with skin damage, as well as the lack of universal means of treating wounds. Study Objective: To compare the effectiveness of the developed drugs, smart polymeric nano-drug with cerium oxide nanoparticles (SPN), and smart polymeric nano-drug in combination with mesenchymal stem cells (SPN + SC) on the healing process of skin wounds. Material and methods. An experimental study was carried out using Wistar rats of post-reproductive age, which had dermis and epidermis removed on their backs. There were four groups of wounds in total: control, treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (SC), SPN, and SPN + SC. Results. A positive therapeutic effect of polymeric drugs on the dynamics of wound area reduction was established, which was most typical for wounds of the SPN group and, particularly, the SPN + SC group. On the third day, an anti-inflammatory effect was revealed in the SC and the SPN + SC groups in particular, which was expressed in a reduced leukocyte infiltration and an increase in the level of microcirculation during this period. The fastest transition from the phase of exudation to proliferation was recorded in the SPN and SPN + SC groups. Histologically, these groups showed faster regeneration, including the epithelialization of wounds. Conclusion. The results obtained in the course of the study open up possibilities for the development of fundamentally new, highly effective wound healing agents.

Acute Skin Wounds Treated with Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Biopolymer Compositions Alone and in Combination: Evaluation of Agent Efficacy and Analysis of Healing Mechanisms

“…The composition and technology of the drugs PCCD, MSC, and PCCD + MSC have been published previously [30][31][32][33][34].…”

“…However, not enough research has yet been done investigating this new direction to provide data that meet all the requirements of evidence-based medicine. In our previous research, we developed new dressing biomaterials for the treatment of wounds containing polymers, mesenchymal stem cells, and nanoparticles of cerium dioxide (CeO2), and demonstrated their preliminary safety and efficacy [30][31][32][33][34]. We have chosen CeO2 nanoparticles as the metal included in our biomaterials because previous studies have shown that it has low toxicity and high biocompatibility, as well as the ability, depending on the changing pH of the wound, to provide electron transfer through the transition from Ce3+ to Ce4+ valence and vice versa [35][36][37][38].…”

Recent Advances on Cerium Oxide‐Based Biomaterials: Toward the Next Generation of Intelligent Theranostics Platforms

“…CeO 2 ‐based materials with different structures have been put forward and made good application progress such as nanocubes, [ 12 ] electrospun membranes, [ 13 ] hollow spheres, [ 14 ] hydrogels, [ 15 ] and scaffolds. [ 2d,10,16,17 ] In 2018, Huang et al prepared chitosan‐coated CeO 2 nanocubes (CCNs) and studied the potential application of CCNs in the field of cutaneous wound healing. [ 12 ] The results of the study confirm that CCNs are more effective than clinically used recombinant human epidermal growth factors in promoting wound healing.…”

Nanomaterials supported by polymers for tissue engineering applications: A review

“…In 2021, Russian researchers used a polymeric nanocomposite made of nano-cerium dioxide and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to heal wounds. The use of smart scaffolding results in anti-inflammation, cell proliferation, and re-epithelialization ( Silina et al., 2021 ). Janani et al.…”