Application of polyaniline nanofibers for the construction of nitrate all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes

Abstract

The application of polyaniline nanofibers doped with chloride and nitrate ions (PANINFs-Cl and PANINFs-NO3) in potentiometry was described. Both kinds of nanofibers were used as an ion-to-electron transducer in ion-selective electrodes with solid contact (SCISEs). Extensive research on the properties of the nanofibers themselves (SEM, UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR) and the constructed electrodes (potentiometric methods, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) has been carried out. Basic analytical parameters of electrodes containing various nanofibers contents in the ion-selective membrane and with nanofibers as an intermediate layer were determined. It was found that application of PANI nanofibers resulted in improvement of electrode performance (among others, better stability and reversibility of the electrode potential). The obtained sensors were characterized by a high slope of the calibration curve, a wide measuring range and a fast response time. Moreover, they were insensitive to change of redox potential, as well as light and the presence of oxygen in the solution, what is important from a practical point of view. They were also successfully used for nitrate determination in real environmental samples.

Recent Advances in Conductive Polymers-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Biomedical and Environmental Applications

“…Therefore, developing an accurate and efficient method for detecting nitrate is crucial. Both Zhang's and Motaghedifard's teams have developed all-solid ion selective electrode (ASS-ISE) that incorporate CPs and other nanoparticles for the detection of nitrate ion [139,140]. While the main difference lies in the selection of modified CPs at the electrode interface.…”

New Materials Used for the Development of Anion-Selective Electrodes—A Review

“…Subsequent electrodes having the same type of ionophore-TDMAN-were presented in the work [26,27]. In the publication [26], the solid contact ion-selective electrodes with different types of transducer layers (TLs) were described.…”

Application of ionic liquids in ion‐selective electrodes and reference electrodes: A review

“…[30] Before a material can serve as a solid contact layer, it must meet certain requirements and exhibit (1) sufficiently high hydrophobic properties, (2) chemical inertness, (3) chemical stability, (4) good conductivity and electrical capacitance. [31] The most commonly used components of intermediate layers include carbon materials, e. g. graphene, [32] multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), [33][34][35] single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), [36][37][38] fullerenes, [39] carbon nanofibers (CNFs); [40] con- ducting polymers, e. g. poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), [41] polyaniline (PANI), [26,40,42] poly(3-octylthiophene) (POT); [43,44] nanoparticles of metals and metal oxides, e. g. nanoparticles of platinum, [28] silver, [45] copper oxides; [29] ionic liquids, [46] as well as composite materials consisting of two or more of the materials listed above. [31,47,48] In order to improve the performance of ion-selective electrodes, they are not only modified by the introduction of an intermediate layer (in liquid-contact ISEs this is not done, because solid contact does not occur there), but also additional components are introduced as additives to the membrane mixtures.…”