New Materials Used for the Development of Anion-Selective Electrodes—A Review

Abstract

Ion-selective electrodes are a popular analytical tool useful in the analysis of cations and anions in environmental, industrial and clinical samples. This paper presents an overview of new materials used for the preparation of anion-sensitive ion-selective electrodes during the last five years. Design variants of anion-sensitive electrodes, their advantages and disadvantages as well as research methods used to assess their parameters and analytical usefulness are presented. The work is divided into chapters according to the type of ion to which the electrode is selective. Characteristics of new ionophores used as the electroactive component of ion-sensitive membranes and other materials used to achieve improvement of sensor performance (e.g., nanomaterials, composite and hybrid materials) are presented. Analytical parameters of the electrodes presented in the paper are collected in tables, which allows for easy comparison of different variants of electrodes sensitive to the same ion.

Analytical Approaches for the Detection of Heavy Metals and Agrochemicals in the Environment Samples and their Recent Technologies

“…Electrochemical analysis: Electrochemical sensor belongs to the largest family of sensor, this consist with a transducer element known as electrode. An electrode is non-affected by internal solution due to protected by a selective membrane, which act as separating membrane between electrode and ionic solution [185][186][187]. Electrochemical sensors have a broad area from clinical treatments to food technology, it is a magnificient technique for real time and accurate measurement of different analytes [188].…”

Application of ionic liquids in ion‐selective electrodes and reference electrodes: A review

“…Therefore, in 1971, a breakthrough that revolutionized the field of potentiometry was achieved -Freiser and Cattral invented the first electrode without an internal solution, the so-called coated wire electrode. [23,24] That solution allowed the elimination of some disadvantages of ISEs related to the presence of the internal electrolyte. However, it contributed to new problems, There are a large number of articles in the scientific literature, including reviews, on both ionic liquids and ion selective electrodes.…”

“…[49][50][51][52] Paste electrode membranes are also modified in various ways by the addition of carbon nanomaterials, composite materials, and ionic liquids. [24,31] This paper discusses the use of ionic liquids in ion-selective electrode membranes, as intermediate layer components and as composite components. Both anionic and cationic ionselective electrodes with solid and liquid contacts that were modified with ionic liquid were described.…”

Illuminating Anions in Biology with Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Biosensors

“…License: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 detoxification, among others (Figure 1a) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. To investigate the cellular recognition, membrane transport, and metabolic transformation of anions across these functions, researchers have historically relied on biochemical assays and physiological techniques [18][19][20]. As a complement, the development and use of genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors for live cell imaging has become a fundamental approach to monitor and measure the spatiotemporal dynamics of anions.…”