Application of liquid membranes to sample preconcentration for the spectrometric determination of cadmium in seawater

The ultrasonically assisted metals recovery treatment of printed circuit board waste sludge by leaching separation

“…The key of a valuable metal recovery process relies on a reliable separation technique that can separate different metal components from a complicated metal bearing mixture in a low cost and without producing further negative impacts to environment (second pollution). In recent years, several approaches, such as emulsion liquid membranes (ELM) [3,4], co-precipitation, adsorption, solvent extraction, cementation, electrowinning (EW) and solid-phase extraction (SPE), etc., have been investigated by various researchers for separating the metals from field test sam- ples [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, these separation techniques have many limits if applied to industrial scaled applications because of its unacceptable treatment costs and high equipment investment.…”

Analytical Applications of Transport Through Bulk Liquid Membranes

“…This method was applied on real samples and proved to be successful for the pre-concentration of lead at ppb level for its determination through ICP-MS. The BLM membrane system was used as a pre-concentration instrument in order to determine cadmium spectrophotometricaly (Irigoyen et al, 2006) from marine waters.…”

Ultrasonic recovery of copper and iron through the simultaneous utilization of Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) spent acid etching solution and PCB waste sludge

“…Some methods that recover metals from PCB spent etching solution include electrowinning, cementation, solvent extraction, precipitation and biological membrane enrichment [1,[4][5][6][7][8]. Many methods have also been developed to recover metals from waste PCB sludge, such as emulsified liquid membranes, co-precipitation, adsorption, cementation, and solid-phase extraction have also been developed [9][10][11][12][13][14]. However, unacceptable treatment costs, highly complicated processes, and potential adverse environmental impacts limit these methods to be applied at industrial scale.…”