The unique electronic structure found at interfaces between materials can allow unconventional quantum states to emerge. Here we report on the discovery of superconductivity in electron gases formed at interfaces between (111) oriented KTaO3 and insulating overlayers of either EuO or LaAlO3. The superconducting transition temperature, approaching 2.2 K, is about one order of magnitude higher than that of the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 system. Strikingly, similar electron gases at KTaO3 (001) interfaces remain normal down to 25 mK. The critical field and current-voltage measurements indicate that the superconductivity is two dimensional. In EuO/KTaO3 (111) samples, a spontaneous in-plane transport anisotropy is observed prior to the onset of superconductivity, suggesting the emergence of a distinct ‘stripe’ like phase, which is also revealed near the critical field.

The recent emergence of 2D van der Waals magnets down to atomic layer thickness provides an exciting platform for exploring quantum magnetism and spintronics applications. The van der Waals nature stabilizes the long-range ferromagnetic order as a result of magnetic anisotropy. Furthermore, giant tunneling magnetoresistance and electrical control of magnetism have been reported. However, the potential of 2D van der Waals magnets for magnonics, magnon-based spintronics, has not been explored yet. Here, we report the experimental observation of long-distance magnon transport in quasi-twodimensional van der Waals antiferromagnet MnPS3, which demonstrates the 2D magnets as promising material candidates for magnonics. As the 2D MnPS3 thickness decreases, a shorter magnon diffusion length is observed, which could be attributed to the surface-impurity-induced magnon scattering. Our results could pave the way for exploring quantum magnonics phenomena and designing future magnonics devices based on 2D van der Waals magnets. I. INTRODUCTIONThe recent emergence of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals magnets down to atomic-layer thickness has attracted considerable interest and provided an exciting platform for exploring new physical phenomena in low-dimensional magnetism [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The long-range ferromagnetic order in 2D magnets has been demonstrated in bilayer Cr2Ge2Te6 and single layer CrI3 as a result of magnetic anisotropy [1,2,16]. Shortly, the potential of such van der Waals ferromagnets for spintronics applications has been intensively explored. For example, giant tunneling magnetoresistance in bilayer CrI3 has been demonstrated [17][18][19], which is much higher compared to conventional single-crystalline-MgO barrier based ferromagnetic tunneling junctions [20,21].The important role of magnon-assistant tunneling through thin CrBr3 barriers has been shown in the graphene/CrBr3/graphene heterostructures [22]. Because of their 2D nature, efficient electrical control of magnetism in 2D ferromagnetic materials has also been explored [3,[23][24][25][26], which provides an alternative route towards high-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductors [27,28]. Furthermore, room-temperature 2D ferromagnetism in monolayer van der Waals magnet has also been demonstrated in epitaxial films and ionic liquid gated flakes [8,9,25].Magnonics refers to the magnon-based spintronics, the use of magnon-mediated spin current for information logic and computing applications [29]. One of the major research directions is to search the suitable magnon transport channel materials, which can propagate magnons over a long Sciences (Grant No. XDB28020100). References:[1]C.

COVID-19, a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, has imposed enormous challenges on the health system, economy, and food supply and has substantially modified people’s lifestyles. This study aimed to (1) explore the dietary diversity during the lockdown time in China and (2) examine factors associated with dietary diversity including socio-economic characteristics, sources for food and food purchases, and specific dietary behaviors responding to COVID-19 and isolation. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted online in March 2020. Multi-stage sampling was used to recruit participants living in Hubei Province and other parts of China. Dietary diversity was assessed using the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) and clustering analysis was used to categorize people with different propensities of methods for purchasing or obtaining foods. Logistic regression was used to model the associations among HDDS, participants’ characteristics, approaches to purchase or obtain food, and behaviors adopted to cope with COVID-19. Results: A total of 1938 participants were included in the analysis. The overall mean HDDS was 9.7 ± 2.1, and the median (25th, 75th) was 10 (8, 12). There were relatively low consumptions of fish, legumes, and miscellaneous foods (e.g., processed food like snacks and beverages). After adjusting for age, family income, and geographic regions, people living in places where laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases were above 500 (ORadjusted = 0.79, 95%CI 0.65, 0.96), or living in Hubei Province (ORadjusted = 0.60, 95%CI 0.39, 0.93) had a lower HDDS. During isolation time, the most common sources for food and food purchases were in-house storage and in person grocery shopping. More than half of the participants (55.9%) purchased food at least once via online ordering and delivery services. There was no significant difference in HDDS among people with distinct dependences on different ways to obtain or purchase food (i.e., dependence on in-person grocery shopping, dependence on both in-house storage and in-person grocery shopping, or dependence on online food purchasing). We also identified a total of 37.7% participants who consumed certain foods or nutritional supplements to cope with COVID-19, which included vitamin C, probiotics, other dietary supplements, alcohol, and vinegar. People who reported these specific dietary behaviors had a significantly higher HDDS (ORadjusted = 1.23, 95%CI 1.02, 1.45) than those who did not do so. This study revealed an overall good dietary diversity among the studied Chinese residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we observed a lower dietary diversity among people living in areas with a high number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Online ordering and delivery services were popular and could serve as a feasible method to obtain and purchase food, contributing to ensure diversified diets during the time of lockdown. Certain dietary behaviors associated with COVID-19 were also identified and had significant impacts on HDDS.

We report direct experimental signatures for the spin superfluid ground state in canted antiferromagnets via nonlocal spin transport.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still a major cause of people deaths worldwide, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation holds great promise due to its capacity to differentiate into cardiovascular cells and secrete protective cytokines, which presents an important mechanism of MSCs therapy for CVDs. Although the capability of MSCs to differentiate into cardiomyocytes (CMCs), endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has been well recognized in massive previous experiments both in vitro and in vivo, low survival rate of transplanted MSCs in recipient hearts suggests that therapeutic effects of MSCs transplantation might be also correlated with other underlying mechanisms. Notably, recent studies uncovered that MSCs were able to secret cholesterol-rich, phospholipid exosomes which were enriched with microRNAs (miRNAs). The released exosomes from MSCs acted on hearts and vessels, and then exerted anti-apoptosis, cardiac regeneration, anti-cardiac remodeling, anti-inflammatory effects, neovascularization and anti-vascular remodeling, which are considered as novel molecular mechanisms of therapeutic potential of MSCs transplantation. Here we summarized recent advances about the role of exosomes in MSCs therapy for CVDs, and discussed exosomes as a novel approach in the treatment of CVDs in the future.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has imposed enormous challenges on people’s lifestyles. People in China have gradually returned to normal life; however, in the protracted pandemic, people may still follow certain dietary behaviors to cope with COVID-19. This study was the second stage of a longitudinal nutritional survey conducted in post-lockdown China that was aimed at exploring post-lockdown dietary behaviors and their effects on dietary diversity. In line with the first stage of the survey, the current dietary behaviors used to cope with COVID-19 and ways of purchasing food were determined. In addition, changes in dietary behavior compared to the same period in 2019 and those behaviors recommended to ensure food safety were also investigated. The Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) was used to assess dietary diversity; this was also used in the first stage of the survey. Linear regression was used to model the associations between the HDDS, participants’ characteristics, and dietary behaviors. The data of 1994 participants were included in the analysis. The overall mean HDDS was 9.2 ± 2.0. Compared to the same period in 2019, a substantial proportion of participants self-reported that they had recently decreased eating in restaurants (61.6%) and reduced intakes of seafood (53.1%), imported frozen food (57.1%), and raw food (60.5%), while 64.8% of participants reported increased cooking at home. People with an increased consumption of seafood (adjusted OR (95%CI) = 0.56 (0.07, 1.04)) and raw food (adjusted OR (95%CI) = 0.74 (0.27, 1.21)) had a significantly higher HDDS. Participants who changed their consumption of imported frozen food (both increased and decreased) had a higher HDDS (adjusted OR (95%CI) = 0.56 (0.07, 1.04) and 0.27 (0.09, 0.44), respectively). People who depended more on purchasing food online had a significantly higher HDDS (adjusted OR (95%CI) = 0.29 (0.02, 0.55)). Compared to the data from stage 1, the proportion of people choosing healthy products to cope with COVID-19 did not greatly change and those people had a higher HDDS (adjusted OR (95%CI) = 0.31 (0.19, 0.42)). Although this study found that the proportion of people who chose to use alcohol or vinegar to prevent COVID-19 had decreased substantially compared to during lockdown, there were still 5.3% and 9.8% who followed these irrational behaviors. Regarding the dietary behavior regarding food safety, except for cooking food fully, fewer than half of participants followed the recommended dietary behaviors, including individual food servings (44.2%), using serving chopsticks and spoons (44.8%), and preparing raw and cooked food separately (43.3%). People who followed these behaviors had a better dietary diversity. In conclusion, during the post-lockdown period, people still followed certain dietary behaviors to cope with COVID-19. While some dietary behaviors were adopted to help prevent infection, irrational dietary behaviors were still followed. These behaviors were associated with the dietary diversity in Chinese adults.

Reproductive health is a significant public health issue during pandemics; however, the impacts of the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on noninfected pregnant women are still unknown. This study intends (1) to examine whether emotional eating (EE) occurred during the pandemic triggered by disease concerns and (2) to explore the associations among EE, dietary changes, and gestational weight gain (GWG). Based on an online survey, 640 new mothers who experienced the lockdown in their third trimester were recruited from seven provinces in China. EE was evaluated with the Chinese version of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, EE domain. A self-designed e-questionnaire was used to collect the data of participants on the sociodemographic characteristics, concerns about the COVID-19 pandemic, maternity information, physical activities, and dietary changes during lockdown. The results show that the average EE score was 26.5 ± 8.3, and women living in a severely affected area, who are very worried about the pandemic and who had less physical activity had a higher tendency of EE. Although there is a dietary pattern changed during pandemic, the average GWG in the studied group was in the normal range. However, a higher EE score was associated with a significant excess of GWG in women not from Wuhan (EE score 33–65 vs. 13–22: adjusted Odd Ratio (OR), 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.90, 1.08–3.32). The sensitivity analysis that additionally adjusted for the pregestational body mass index and gestational metabolic disease was consistent with this result. The mediation model was also examined and showed that, after adjusting for living area and exercise, EE was associated with significantly increased consumption of cereals (EE score 33–65 vs. 13–22: adjusted OR, 95% CI = 2.22, 1.29–3.82) and oil (EE score 33–65 vs. 13–22: adjusted OR, 95% CI = 3.03, 1.06–8.69) but decreased consumption of fish and seafood (EE score 33–65 vs. 13–22: adjusted OR, 95% CI = 1.88, 1.14–3.11; 23–32 vs. 13–22: adjusted OR, 95% CI = 1.79, 1.20–2.66). In conclusion, this study indicated that EE occurred in a proportional number of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic and is associated with excess GWG mediated by increased intake of certain foods. The findings suggest the need for psychosocial and nutritional education and interventions during pregnancy checkups. Further studies are needed to determine modifiable psychosocial predictors and potential nutritional concerns in pregnant women during disease outbreaks.

The emerging field of superconductor (SC) spintronics has attracted intensive attentions recently.Many fantastic spin dependent properties in SCs have been discovered, including large magnetoresistance, long spin lifetimes and the giant spin Hall effect, etc. Regarding the spin dynamics in superconducting thin films, few studies has been reported yet. Here, we report the investigation of the spin dynamics in a s-wave superconducting NbN film via spin pumping from an adjacent insulating ferromagnet GdN film. A profound coherence peak of the Gilbert damping of GdN is observed slightly below the superconducting critical temperature of the NbN, which agrees well with recent theoretical prediction for s-wave SCs in the presence of impurity spin-orbit scattering. This observation is also a manifestation of the dynamic spin injection into superconducting NbN thin film. Our results demonstrate that spin pumping could be used to probe the dynamic spin susceptibility of superconducting thin films, thus pave the way for future investigation of spin dynamics of interfacial and two dimensional crystalline SCs.