Ultrasonic recovery of copper and iron through the simultaneous utilization of Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) spent acid etching solution and PCB waste sludge

Huang, Zhiyuan; Xie, Fang; Ma, Yang

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.010

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Ultrasound has been introduced in leaching in hydrometallurgy [1][2][3]. During the leaching of ZnO concentrate with oxalic acid, Fan et al increased the leaching rate by 32.12% through ultrasonic radiation compared with that by using mechanical agitation [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound-assisted HCl–NaCl leaching of lead-rich and antimony-rich oxidizing slag

Zhang

Tang

et al. 2015

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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Lead-rich and antimony-rich oxidizing slag was subjected to regular HCl-NaCl leaching, with the experimental conditions optimized under which ultrasound was introduced. After only 15 min of ultrasound-assisted leaching, the leaching rate of Sb resembled that after 45 min of regular leaching. Ultrasonic treatment considerably elevated the leaching rates of Sb and Pb, and shortened the leaching time. With the decrease of particle size, the leaching rate of Sb and Pb increased gradually. Especially, as the particle size of the slag was greater than 0.217 mm, the ultrasonic leaching effects of Sb and Pb were significantly higher than that of regular leaching effects. The temperature exhibited great effect on ultrasonic leaching performance. As the temperature increased, the leaching rates of Sb and Pb increased step by step. In case the temperature was higher than 85°C, the increasing speed of the leaching rates for Sb and Pb tended to be slow. Increasing ultrasonic power could augment the leaching rate or accelerate the procedure till the same leaching rate. However, since ultrasound failed to energize the formation of new reaction pathways, the maximum leaching rates of Sb and Pb were determined by their phase compositions rather than by ultrasonic field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound-assisted HCl–NaCl leaching of lead-rich and antimony-rich oxidizing slag

Zhang

Tang

et al. 2015

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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“…20 In the bioleaching of printed circuit boards (PCBs), Huang et al reported that using 300 W ultrasound waves, 93.8% Cu was recovered compared to 90.7% without ultrasound. 21 In the bioleaching of Ni from Sukinda laterite, ultrasound reduced the leaching time from 20 d to 14 d. 22 Ultrasound also increased the removal efficiency of Ni from lateritic nickel ore considerably. 23 There are several published reports about the extraction of valuable metals from power plant ashes using bioleaching in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ultrasound-assisted leaching of vanadium from fly ash using lemon juice organic acids

et al. 2020

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“…In Stage 2, a critical amount of sulfuric acid was already consumed in the previous stage, and reducing the acidity from initially pH 0.56 to 2.24 (after 10 min), and 2.43 (after 60 min) resulted in the precipitation of iron hydroxides from ferric ion, following Equation (14). Ferric ion can dissolve copper metal following Equation (15) [28], having a smaller free Gibbs energy and lower reaction rate in comparison to Equation (9). As a result, the appearance of less soluble products (calcium sulfate and ferric hydroxide) could affect the sulfuric acid diffusion and the Cu leaching due to agglomeration on the sample particle surface.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Cu Leaching From Waste Sludge In Sulfuric Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, acid leaching has been effectively employed as an alternative process to recover copper from PCBs waste sludge, following the hydrometallurgical route. A wide range of acids was investigated to extract copper; for example, inorganic acids like HCl, HClO 4 , HNO 3 , and H 2 SO 4 , organic acids like citric acid and acetic acid, and spent acidic PCBs etching solutions [5][6][7][8][9]. Acid leaching is a simple process that extracts target metals from the sludge sample in a short duration with certain high efficiency and can combine with further separation stages such as precipitation, adsorption, or solvent extraction [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulfuric acid leaching (1.0 M, 50 • C for 60 min), followed by a chemical exchange using Fe powder (ratio Fe:Cu 5:1, pH 2.0, 50 • C, 200 rpm), could precipitate 95% copper from the leach liquor [12]. Another leaching process used a spent acid etching solution with the assistance of ultrasound at 300 W and further adjustment of pH by lime to 2.5, obtaining a high Cu leaching efficiency of 93.76% and a noticeably low Fe extraction of 2.07% [9]. Sulfuric leaching followed by the Jarosite process could extract 93% of Cu and remove Fe as the phase of KFe 3 (SO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 , and later recover Cu using sulfide precipitation, which is suitable for application of pyro-metallurgy process [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selective Copper Recovery by Acid Leaching from Printed Circuit Board Waste Sludge

Trinh

Kim

Lee

2020

Metals

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The most challenging issue associated with recycling the sludge generated from printed circuit boards (PCBs) is the separation of copper (Cu) from iron (Fe), using multi-stage leaching, or adding oxidizing and precipitating agents. Herein we investigated simple acid leaching to effectively extract copper and limit iron dissolution. Selective copper leaching was achieved with all the acids studied, including HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4. The lower concentration of acid solutions resulted in a larger difference in leachabilities between Cu and Fe. Among three leachates, the H2SO4 solution performed effectively on the selective leaching of Cu and Fe. Adjusting the pulp density to 4% and the H2SO4 concentration at ~0.2 M, accomplished ~95% Cu leaching and reduced the Fe extraction to less than 5%. Kinetic studies revealed that Cu leaching followed the ash diffusion-controlled mechanism. Aactivation energy (Ea) of 9.8 kJ/mol was determined for the first 10 min of leaching. Further, leaching up to 60 min corresponded to a mixed control model, increasing the Ea to 20.9 kJ/mol. The change in the control model with regard to the two leaching stages can be attributed to the Cu hydroxide and metal phases present in the original sample. A simple, economically attractive H2SO4 acid leaching process was demonstrated, recovering Cu efficiently and selectively from PCBs waste sludge under moderate conditions.

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Ultrasonic recovery of copper and iron through the simultaneous utilization of Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) spent acid etching solution and PCB waste sludge

Cited by 52 publications

References 24 publications

Ultrasound-assisted HCl–NaCl leaching of lead-rich and antimony-rich oxidizing slag

Ultrasound-assisted HCl–NaCl leaching of lead-rich and antimony-rich oxidizing slag

Ultrasound-assisted leaching of vanadium from fly ash using lemon juice organic acids

Selective Copper Recovery by Acid Leaching from Printed Circuit Board Waste Sludge

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