Application of chemometric methods for the determination of fading and age determination of blue ballpoint inks

Abstract

This study presents preliminary results for applicability of micro‐Raman and VIS–NIR reflectance spectroscopy in age determination of blue ballpoints inks containing phthalocyanine and crystal violet. Based on chemometric methods, 74 different random blue pens were classified to various types of inks. Then handwritten samples stored in different light conditions were subjected to the analysis. The first set of samples was stored for 7 years at room temperature in an envelope without direct exposure to the light, whereas the second set of samples was aged by exposing them to natural light cycle for 85 days. The L, a, b values were determined on the basis of recorded Raman and VIS–NIR spectra and then used for chemometric calculation. Based on those values, partial least squares models were built, allowing to obtain correlations between ∆E and Raman and reflectance spectra. Relative standard errors of prediction RSEP(%) for obtained models were calculated in the range 1.97–5.13 and 1.20–2.27 for Raman and VIS–NIR spectra, respectively. The proposed nondestructive method allows to estimate the age of daylight exposed samples.

Fabrication of ballpoint-ink via encapsulating inorganic pigments in microemulsion gels

“…The red, yellow, and black pigment demonstrated a solid color as well as Prussian blue, but the color stability was not as good as Prussian blue. 32 Notably, the black ink gradually fainted after three days of exposure to air. Nevertheless, comprehensive research should be conducted to understand the inks' stability properties fully.…”

Interpol questioned documents review 2019–2022

“…including any other technology used to prepare the document. The following 64 articles [ [548] , [549] , [550] , [551] , [552] , [553] , [554] , [555] , [556] , [557] , [558] , [559] , [560] , [561] , [562] , [563] , [564] , [565] , [566] , [567] , [568] , [569] , [570] , [571] , [572] , [573] , [574] , [575] , [576] , [577] , [578] , [579] , [580] ] [ [581] , [582] , [583] , [584] , [585] , [586] , [587] , [588] , [589] , [590] , [591] , [592] , [593] , [594] , [595] , [596] , [597] , [598] , [599] , [600] , [601] , [602] , [603] , [604] , [605] , [606] , [607] , [608] , [609] , [610] , [611] ], combined with 17 presentations [...…”

“…Łydżba-Kopczynska et al [ 580 ] applied chemometric methods for the rapid, non-destructive determination of fading and age determination of blue ballpoint inks. This study set out to determine the applicability of micro-Raman and VIS–NIR reflectance spectroscopy in classification and age determination of 74 blue ballpoints inks containing phthalocyanine and crystal violet.…”

Applications of Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology

“…The work conducted by Łydżba‐Kopczyńska et al [ 23 ] proposes the applicability of μ‐Raman and VIS–NIR reflectance spectroscopy to determine the age of blue ballpoints inks containing phthalocyanine and crystal violet. The method has been developed using 74 different random blue pens, classified to various types of inks.…”