Application of carbohydrates in approved small molecule drugs: A review

Jiang, Hongfei; Qin, Xiaofei; Wang, Qi; Xu, Qi; Wang, Jie; Wu, Yudong; Chen, Wujun; Wang, Chao; Zhang, Tingting; Xing, Dongming; Zhang, Renshuai

doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113633

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 231 publications

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“…3) Carbohydrates are an important energy source and play numerous key roles in all living organisms (Jiang et al, 2021). They are at high levels in residues of vegetable origin, especially starch, lignocellulose (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin), and βglucans, among others (Kumar et al, 2020).…”

Section: Bioactive Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Approaches for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds From Agro-industrial By-products: A Review

Lemes

Egea

Filho

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Bioactive compounds can provide health benefits beyond the nutritional value and are originally present or added to food matrices. However, because they are part of the food matrices, most bioactive compounds remain in agroindustrial by-products. Agro-industrial by-products are generated in large quantities throughout the food production chain and can—when not properly treated—affect the environment, the profit, and the proper and nutritional distribution of food to people. Thus, it is important to adopt processes that increase the use of these agroindustrial by-products, including biological approaches, which can enhance the extraction and obtention of bioactive compounds, which enables their application in food and pharmaceutical industries. Biological processes have several advantages compared to nonbiological processes, including the provision of extracts with high quality and bioactivity, as well as extracts that present low toxicity and environmental impact. Among biological approaches, extraction from enzymes and fermentation stand out as tools for obtaining bioactive compounds from various agro-industrial wastes. In this sense, this article provides an overview of the main bioactive components found in agroindustrial by-products and the biological strategies for their extraction. We also provide information to enhance the use of these bioactive compounds, especially for the food and pharmaceutical industries.

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Section: Bioactive Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Approaches for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds From Agro-industrial By-products: A Review

Lemes

Egea

Filho

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Carbohydrates have been demonstrated to be involved in a variety of physiological events. Glycosylation modifications have received considerable attention from pharmaceutical chemists for their potential use in designing novel clinical drugs [ 23 ]. As both α- and β-CBD are insoluble in water, introducing carbohydrate residues into the parent cembrenediol could enhance the solubility of these compounds.…”

Section: Structural Modifications Of α- and β-Cbdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Modifications and Biological Activities of Natural α- and β-Cembrenediol: A Comprehensive Review

Ren

et al. 2022

Pharmaceuticals

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As one of the most characteristic ingredients of glandular trichome secretions from Nicotiana tabacum L. (tobacco), natural cembrenediols, namely, (1S,2E,4S,6R,7E,11E)-2,7,11-cembratriene-4,6-diol (α-cembrenediol/α-CBD) and its C-4 epimer (β-cembrenediol/β-CBD), have attracted considerable attention for their potent antitumor, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, and other activities. Many researchers are committed to exploring the possibility of utilizing these two cembrenediols and their derivatives both in human medicine and in agricultural fungicides. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first to provide a comprehensive summary of the chemical modifications and bioactivities of α- and β-CBD from their discovery to the present day; the review highlights their potential medicinal value for humans. The extensive references from 1962 to 2022 provided herein were systematically gathered from the SciFinder, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. We expect this review to assist in providing practical ideas for future drug development based on α- and β-CBD and in further facilitating the utilization of the tobacco cembrenediols.

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“…The gene cluster pax was identified as the first biosynthetic gene cluster of this family ( Tagami et al, 2013 ). Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, which is caused by impaired peripheral glucose uptake and elevated hepatic glucose production ( Unger and Cherrington, 2012 ; Jiang et al, 2021 ). Enhanced glucagon response is proposed to be responsible for increased hepatic glucose production; it is proposed that suppression of hepatic glucagon response may provide therapeutic advantages in diabetes management ( Ozcan et al, 2012 ; Xiao et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Diabetic Indole-Terpenoids From Penicillium sp. HFF16 Isolated From the Rhizosphere Soil of Cynanchum bungei Decne

Xiao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Chem.

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Finding novel anti-diabetic compounds with effective suppression activities against hepatic glucagon response is urgently required for the development of new drugs against diabetes. Fungi are well known for their ability to produce new bioactive secondary metabolites. As part of our ongoing research, five new indole-terpenoids (1–5), named encindolenes D-H, were isolated from the fungus Penicillium sp. HFF16 from the rhizosphere soil of Cynanchum bungei Decne. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data and ECD analysis. In the anti-diabetic activity assay, compounds 1–5 could inhibit the hepatic glucose production with EC50 values of 17.6, 30.1, 21.3, 9.6, and 9.9 μM, respectively, and decrease the cAMP contents in glucagon-induced HepG2 cells.

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Application of carbohydrates in approved small molecule drugs: A review

Cited by 35 publications

References 231 publications

Biological Approaches for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds From Agro-industrial By-products: A Review

Biological Approaches for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds From Agro-industrial By-products: A Review

Structural Modifications and Biological Activities of Natural α- and β-Cembrenediol: A Comprehensive Review

Anti-Diabetic Indole-Terpenoids From Penicillium sp. HFF16 Isolated From the Rhizosphere Soil of Cynanchum bungei Decne

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