Stimuli-responsive gels have been actively studied and applied to a variety of devices such as drug carriers, artificial muscles and actuators. In this research study, calcium alginate gels containing hydroxyapatite were prepared in one step by adding a diammonium hydrogenphosphate-1% alginate solution to a calcium chloride solution and evaluated for pH dependence and electrochemical properties as stimuli-responsive gels. When the composite gel was immersed in a solution of pH 2-10 or subjected to an applied voltage, the composite gel with a high content of hydroxyapatite tended to maintain its volume. The composite gels immersed in a pH indicator solution changed color with an applied voltage. As a result, it was revealed that alteration of the pH of composite gels occurred by electro-osmosis and electrophoresis. Swelling and shrinking of the composite gels were controlled by the external stimuli of pH, voltage and the content of hydroxyapatite; therefore, it is proposed that composite gels would be good bone-filling material having the function of drug carriers.