Application of an electrostatically actuated cantilevered carbon nanotube with an attached mass as a bio-mass sensor

Bifurcation and pull-in voltages of primary resonance of electrostatically actuated SWCNT cantilevers to include van der Waals effect

“…By changing the mass, the frequency shift occurred in a smaller range in the bridge case than that in cantilever case. Mehdipour et al [27] indicated for cantilevers that the increase of the amount and the distance from the fixed edge of the attached mass resulted in a decrease of the dynamic pull-in voltage if electrostatically actuated. The mass sensitivity increased as the mass was moved towards the tip of the cantilever.…”

“…They have the capability of offering high resonant frequencies in the gigahertz range, and the advantage of low energy consumption [27]. Yet, because of their size, these nano-electromechanical systems have a low output signal level [1].…”

“…Their exceptional mass-detecting capability makes them excellent ''mass spectrometers.'' CNTs mass sensing applications can be separated into two categories: chemical sensors and biosensors [27]. Sensitivity of resonator sensors is given by their effective vibratory mass and their natural frequencies, and it is affected by nonlinearities in the system.…”

Nonlocal modeling of a Carbon Nanotube actuated by an electrostatic force

“…Those who included nonlinearity in either the geometry or the actuating force for CNTs are few [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. To mention some, Hosseini-Ara et al [11] proposed analytical solutions based on nonlocal Timoshenko kinematics, strain gradient approach and some variational methods to derive the higher-order boundary conditions as well as governing for the sake of investigating the buckling characteristics of CNTs.…”

“…Askari et al [15] accounted for Eringen nonlocal elasticity and reformulated the classical Euler-Bernoulli beam theories to carry out the nonlinear free vibration analysis of a SWCNT. Mehdipour et al [16] investigated the use electrostatically actuated clamped-free CNT with an attached mass as a bio-mass sensor. Ke et al [17] investigated the nonlinear free vibration problem …”