Application of Agglutinins for the Rapid and Accurate Identification of Medically Important Candida Species 1

Sweet, Charles E.; Kaufman, Leo

doi:10.1128/aem.19.5.830-836.1970

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Serotypes were determined with the Candida Check RM 302 Iatron Kit (Iatron Lab, Inc., Tokyo, Japan). Strains previously serotyped by standard procedures were employed as controls (29).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophoretic karyotyping of typical and atypical Candida albicans

et al. 1990

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Electrophoretic karyotypes of atypical isolates of Candida albicans, e.g., strains that were germ tube negative, failed to express proteinase activity, demonstrated low virulence for mice, formed hyperchlamydoconidia, produced hyperhyphae, or were sucrose negative (including the type strain of Candida stellatoidea), were compared with those of typical C. albicans. Karyotypes of whole-cell DNA of classical C. albicans examined with transverse alternating-field electrophoresis under specific conditions were composed of seven DNA bands with a specific migration pattern. Certain atypical strains and representatives of the three serotypes of C. stellatoidea produced discrete karyotypes with 5 to 10 bands. All isolates demonstrated a significant degree of DNA relatedness, suggesting their conspecificity. Densitometric tracings of DNA bands provided an objective and standardized method for comparing bands within the gels.

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“…Serotypes were determined with the Candida Check RM 302 Iatron Kit (Iatron Lab, Inc., Tokyo, Japan). Strains previously serotyped by standard procedures were employed as controls (29).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophoretic karyotyping of typical and atypical Candida albicans

et al. 1990

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“…Feet were measured with dial-type calipers (Schnelltaster, H. Krbplein GMBH, Schluechtern, Hesse, West Germany) before and after inoculation with antigen, and the net increase was determined. Antibodies were assayed by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (15,26) with a soluble cytoplasmic antigen (14) and by a whole-cell agglutination technique (34,36).…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Murine Candidiasis: Pathological and Immune Responses in T-Lymphocyte-Depleted Mice

et al. 1978

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Mice depleted of T-lymphocytes by thymectomy and irradiation (TXB) and immunologically competent mice were compared for gross and histological pathology as well as immune responses after cutaneous and/or intravenous challenge with Candida albicans. In response to a first cutaneous inoculation with viable Candida, TXB, sham-operated (SXB), and unmanipulated (normal) mice, all developed lesions of comparable size, duration, and histopathology. When challenged a second time cutaneously, normal and SXB mice developed lesions which were greatly increased in size when compared with those produced by a first cutaneous infection, whereas TXB mice developed lesions comparable in size to those initiated by the first infection. Histologically, the first and second lesions in all animals were acute abscesses predominantly comprised of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The larger second lesions in SXB and normal mice were accompanied by detectable circulating antibody and by delayed hypersensitivity. Neither circulating antibody nor delayed hypersensitivity were stimulated in the TXB mice. When challenged intravenously, all previously uninfected mice, regardless of T-cell status, were equally susceptible to C. albicans. Contrary to SXB or normal mice, however, TXB mice which had been infected cutaneously were not more resistant to a subsequent intravenous challenge as judged by 6-week survival. The results suggest that T-cells do not play a significant role in innate resistance of mice to systemic candidiasis, but that such cells are important in the development of acquired resistance.Candida albicans (Robin) Berkhout is a fungus which does not usually invade the normal host, although it is a member of the normal human microbial flora. The mechanism by which healthy individuals resist invasion is unclear, but it is generally believed that cell-mediated immunity, and thus the T-lymphocyte, is an important factor in acquired resistance. The latter statement is based primarily on clinical evidence, in that individuals with immunodeficiency diseases (3,18,22,32,35) or with diseases for which the treatment itself is immunosuppressive (1, 17, 20, 24, 28, 37) are particularly susceptible. Experimental evidence to corroborate the clinical evidence is somewhat meager.Recently, however, a natural model of immunological modification, viz., the nude or athymic mouse, has been used to investigate innate resistance to C. albicans. Cutler (10) inoculated nude mice with large doses of C. albicans intravenously and observed that such mice were more t Present address: Mt. Sinai Hospital, Department of Microbiology, New York, NY 10029.

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“…A case of endocarditis was predicted to be caused by C. parapsilosis on the basis of an ID test on the patient's serum. Some 3 days later this prediction was confirmed by identifying the yeast species by the agglutination method of Sweet and Kaufman (12), and 3 weeks later it was confirmed by cultural methods. The unique precipitation band produced by C. parapsilosis has been described by Taschdjian et al (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Antigen preparation. Whole cell antigens were prepared from 48-hr dextrose-peptone-yeast extract broth cultures grown at 37 C by the method of Sweet and Kaufman (12). Working suspensions were prepared by diluting one part of packed cells in three parts of 0.5% formalinized saline and stored at 4 C. TMese antigens were used for (i) production of antisera, (ii) preparation of homogenates, and (iii) agglutination tests.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of a Newly Developed Latex Agglutination Test and an Immunodiffusion Test in the Diagnosis of Systemic Candidiasis1

Stickle¹,

Kaufman²,

Blumer³

et al. 1972

Applied Microbiology

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A newly developed latex agglutination (LA) test and a modified immunodiffusion (ID) test were evaluated. The antigen used was a homogenate of Candida albicans. A total of 167 antisera were employed in the evaluation. They included 36 sera from clinically well persons; 78 from patients with various clinical forms of candidiasis; 52 from patients with proven cases of aspergillosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, nocardiosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, sporotrichosis, and tuberculosis; and one serum from a patient with torulopsosis. Use of the LA test in conjunction with the ID test permitted the detection of more than 90% of 43 proven candidiasis cases. Of all the heterologous cases and normal human sera tested, LA reactions were noted with 3 of 10 cryptococcosis case specimens, 1 of 9 tuberculosis case specimens, and with the torulopsemia case serum. In contrast, the only heterologous serum reactive in the ID test was that from the patient with torulopsemia. Torulopsis glabrata and C. albicans antisera gave identical reactions in LA and ID tests with T. glabrata or C. albicans antigens. ID tests with selected antigens, however, permitted differentiation of rabbit and human T. glabrata antibody from that of C. albicans antibody. Six different precipitins were recognized with the C. albicans antigens. The occurrence of multiple precipitin lines and high LA titers was suggestive of severe candidiasis. The LA test, in contrast to the ID test, appeared to have prognostic value. Together, the LA and ID tests provided a simple, rapid, and accurate means of detecting and monitoring infections by species of Candida.

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Application of Agglutinins for the Rapid and Accurate Identification of Medically Important Candida Species 1

Cited by 26 publications

References 7 publications

Electrophoretic karyotyping of typical and atypical Candida albicans

Electrophoretic karyotyping of typical and atypical Candida albicans

Experimental Murine Candidiasis: Pathological and Immune Responses in T-Lymphocyte-Depleted Mice

Comparison of a Newly Developed Latex Agglutination Test and an Immunodiffusion Test in the Diagnosis of Systemic Candidiasis1

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