Applicability of the effective index method for simulating ridge optical waveguides

Batrak, D V; Plisyuk, S A

doi:10.1070/qe2006v036n04abeh013149

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Note that in Equation ( 4), the values of k and α are generally obtained by experimental measurement. In this study, we applied an effective index method (EIM) [30,31] using COMSOL Multiphysics software to model the graphene/Au/SiC waveguide SPR sensor and calculate the confinement factor f. The results were compared with the Au/SiC The optical properties of a monolayer graphene can be found in [27], which provides the complex RI of graphene in the visible light range:…”

Section: Design and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that in Equation ( 4), the values of k and α are generally obtained by experimental measurement. In this study, we applied an effective index method (EIM) [30,31] using COMSOL Multiphysics software to model the graphene/Au/SiC waveguide SPR sensor and calculate the confinement factor f. The results were compared with the Au/SiC waveguide SPR sensor without a graphene layer. In the model, a 3-µm thick perfectly matched layer (PML) surrounding the sensor structure was used as the outer boundary condition to truncate the computation region.…”

Section: Design and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Study of Graphene/Au/SiC Waveguide-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor

Miller

Zhao

2021

Biosensors

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A new waveguide-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor was proposed and investigated by numerical simulation. The sensor consists of a graphene cover layer, a gold (Au) thin film, and a silicon carbide (SiC) waveguide layer on a silicon dioxide/silicon (SiO2/Si) substrate. The large bandgap energy of SiC allows the sensor to operate in the visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges, which effectively reduces the light absorption in water to improve the sensitivity. The sensor was characterized by comparing the shift of the resonance wavelength peak with change of the refractive index (RI), which mimics the change of analyte concentration in the sensing medium. The study showed that in the RI range of 1.33~1.36, the sensitivity was improved when the graphene layers were increased. With 10 graphene layers, a sensitivity of 2810 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) was achieved, corresponding to a 39.1% improvement in sensitivity compared to the Au/SiC sensor without graphene. These results demonstrate that the graphene/Au/SiC waveguide SPR sensor has a promising use in portable biosensors for chemical and biological sensing applications, such as detection of water contaminations (RI = 1.33~1.34), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and glucose (RI = 1.34~1.35), and plasma and white blood cells (RI = 1.35~1.36) for human health and disease diagnosis.

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Section: Design and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that in Equation ( 4), the values of k and α are generally obtained by experimental measurement. In this study, we applied an effective index method (EIM) [30,31] using COMSOL Multiphysics software to model the graphene/Au/SiC waveguide SPR sensor and calculate the confinement factor f. The results were compared with the Au/SiC waveguide SPR sensor without a graphene layer. In the model, a 3-µm thick perfectly matched layer (PML) surrounding the sensor structure was used as the outer boundary condition to truncate the computation region.…”

Section: Design and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study of Graphene/Au/SiC Waveguide-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor

Miller

Zhao

2021

Biosensors

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“…This method is simple and regularly used in the field of integrated optics in the case of rectangular waveguides with low refractive index contrast (∆n  1) with a width/height ratio R >1. [51][52][53]. We have taken into consideration experimental waveguide dimensions: a width of 1.95 µm and a height of 1.7 µm.…”

Section: Optical Simulations and Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porosity calibration in a 4-layer porous silicon structure to fabricate a micro-resonator with well-defined refractive indices and dedicated to biosensing applications

et al. 2020

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Calibration of the porosity as well as the electrochemical anodization rate in a 4-layer porous silicon (PSi) waveguide structure, including a guiding, a confinement and two technological barrier layers, is studied and validated. The objective is to process using standard photolithography a 4-layer PSi micro-resonator (MR) that will be butt coupled with polymer waveguide and used for biosensing applications. The knowledge of the porosity and thus the refractive index of each PSi layer is then crucial to fabricate the hybrid optical component. The presence of the two PSi barrier layers is necessary to prevent the infiltration of polymers or resin during the process but influences the porosity and the anodization rate of both the guiding and the confinement PSi layers. Their porosity is lower than if these layers had been manufactured separately (one layer only) and the anodization rate is on the contrary higher.Taking into consideration the calibration results to obtain the target thicknesses and refractive indices of the guiding and the confinement PSi layers respectively, a MR based on the 4-layer PSi structure is fabricated. The PSi MR experimental transmission spectrum well corresponds to the simulated one which has been calculated from porosity calibration results and from experimental dimensions of the component measured by scanning electron microscope observations. Finally, a promising theoretical surface sensitivity of 0.06 nm/(pg/mm²) for Bovin Serum Albumin detection with a limit of detection of 0.1 pg/mm² has been calculated for the PSi MR.

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“…According to the effective index method, the 2-dimensional waveguide can be treated as two 1-dimensional waveguides twisted by 90 degrees as shown in Fig.1B [3][4][5][6]. In the transverse (y) direction of QCL only TM modes can be generated [9].…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of beam divergence of a quantum cascade laser by effective index method

et al. 2013

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Quantum cascade lasers (QCL's) have proven their usefulness as light sources in many applications, like remote gas sensing, molecular spectroscopy or free-space communication. In most cases the high-quality low-divergence beam is desired. This work presents the theoretical analysis of QCL's beam divergence. The electromagnetic field in the resonator is calculated according to effective index method. Theoretical results are compared with measurements.Keywords: quantum cascade laser, effective index method, beam divergence, far-field pattern.

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Applicability of the effective index method for simulating ridge optical waveguides

Cited by 10 publications

References 1 publication

Numerical Study of Graphene/Au/SiC Waveguide-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor

Numerical Study of Graphene/Au/SiC Waveguide-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor

Porosity calibration in a 4-layer porous silicon structure to fabricate a micro-resonator with well-defined refractive indices and dedicated to biosensing applications

Calculation of beam divergence of a quantum cascade laser by effective index method

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