Apple Preload Halved the Postprandial Glycaemic Response of Rice Meal in Healthy Subjects

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the possible glycemic effect of apple preload on acute postprandial glycemic responses (GRs) of a following rice meal, comparing with its co-ingestion counterpart and an apple sugar solution preload, based on equal carbohydrates intake. In a randomized crossover trial, 18 healthy female subjects consumed (1) rice, (2) co-ingestion of apple and rice (A+R), (3) apple preload and rice (PA+R), and (4) rice with sugar solution preload (same sugar profile as in apple) (PSS+R). Acute postprandial GR tests and subjective satiety tests were carried out for each test food. Compared with rice reference, the PA+R achieved a 50% reduction of the iAUC0-120, a 51.4% reduction of the average peak value, and a 52.6% reduction of glycemic excursion in 240 min, while the PSS+R showed 29.7% and 31.6% reduction of peak value and glycemic excursion, respectively. No significant differences were found between R and PA+R in any of the satiety characteristics. Compared with rice control, apple preload of 15 g available carbohydrates remarkably lowered the acute postprandial GR without negative effect on satiety. The sugar component may partly contribute to the glycemic suppressing effect of the apple preload.

Both Isocarbohydrate and Hypercarbohydrate Fruit Preloads Curbed Postprandial Glycemic Excursion in Healthy Subjects

“…(2) with a body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 23.9 kg/m 2 ; (3) weight stable (±2 kg) within the last six months; (4) not on diet to gain or to lose weight in the past three months; (5) The sample size calculation was done with the PASS 13 Power Analysis and Sample Size software (NCSS, Kaysville, UT, USA). Assuming that the standard deviation (SD) is lower than 55.15 mmol•min/L, a sample size of n = 11 provided 80% power to detect a change of 167.8 mmol•min/L in iAUC (p < 0.05), based on our previous study [16].…”

“…Moreover, increasing epidemiological studies and meta-analyses have reported that daily consumption of fruit has relevance to a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes [24][25][26][27][28]. It is reported that partial substitution of white rice with certain fruits or dried fruits improved PGRs [16,29,30] and HbA1c levels [31].…”

“…Whey protein preload could blunt the postprandial glucose excursion partly by enhancing the insulin response and slowing gastric emptying [ 8 , 12 , 13 ]. However, a few studies suggested that pre-meal consumed carbohydrates exerted a hypoglycemic effect as well, such as small doses of fructose [ 14 ], glucose [ 15 ] and mixed glucose–fructose solution [ 16 ].…”

“…In a previous study, on the equi-carbohydrate basis, a 30% substitution of rice meal with apple preload halved the PGR of a rice meal in an acute test [ 16 ]. However, given the scarcity of fruit preload studies, there are more questions to be answered.…”

Potato Preload Mitigated Postprandial Glycemic Excursion in Healthy Subjects: An Acute Randomized Trial

“…As one of practicable postprandial glycemic attenuating strategies, preliminary studies indicated that preload interventions resulted in curbed glycemic excursion as well as favorable insulin and gut hormone responses [3,4]. In addition to the protein preload, previous studies suggested that the preload of carbohydrate-rich food, such as rice [5], fruits [5,6], and sugar solution [6], could yield more stable postprandial glycemic responses (GRs) compared with their non-preload counterparts.…”