Apoptosis Induced by Tarantula cubensis Crude Venom (Theranekron® D6) in Cancer Cells

Tosun, Nazan Gökşen; Kaplan, Özlem; Özgür, Aykut

doi:10.1007/s43450-021-00221-x

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In another recent study, Theranekron, as an apoptosis-inducing agent, was possibly shown to be an excellent alternative therapeutic drug for the treatment of malignant neoplasm. [32] Nevertheless, this study has some limitations. The effects of different doses of Theranekron on fracture healing were unable to be examined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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The effect of Theranekron on femur fracture healing in an experimental rat model

Güven

Özkan²,

Türközü³

et al. 2022

Jt Dis Relat Surg

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Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the radiological, biomechanical, histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of Theranekron on fracture healing in an experimental rat model. Materials and methods Forty-eight male albino Wistar rats were used. Four groups were formed, with 12 rats in each of Theranekron groups 1 and 2, and control groups 1 and 2. After a fracture was created in the right femur of the rats included in the study, fixation was performed with an intramedullary Kirschner wire. Theranekron was administered subcutaneously to Theranekron groups 1 and 2 at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg on days 0, 5 and 10. After radiographic analysis of the femurs of Theranekron group 1 and control group 1 rats at four weeks of the study was performed, both groups were divided into two equal subgroups (six femurs in each group). Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed in one subgroup and biomechanical examination in the other subgroup. At the end of six weeks, the rats in Theranekron group 2 and control group 2 were evaluated after applying the same procedure as in the fourth week. Results When the mean radiological scores of the Theranekron and control groups were compared, a statistically significant difference was found in favor of the Theranekron group at four and six weeks (p=0.028 and p=0.006, respectively). At four weeks, statistically significant higher biomechanical forces were obtained in the Theranekron group compared to the control group (p=0.030). In the histopathological evaluation, the inflammation value of the control group at four weeks was statistically significantly higher than the Theranekron group (p=0.027). The angiogenesis, osteoblast proliferation, and bone formation values of the Theranekron group were significantly higher than the control group (p=0.014, p=0.014, and p=0.005, respectively). At six weeks, the bone formation values of the Theranekron group were statistically significantly higher than the control group (p=0.021). The difference between the Theranekron group and the control group scores of the immunohistochemical evaluation were statistically significantly different at four and six weeks (p=0.006 and p=0.011, respectively). Conclusion Theranekron may play a role in accelerating fracture healing by reducing acute inflammation process in the early period of fracture union, increasing fracture strength, angiogenesis, osteoblast proliferation, and bone formation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In another recent study, Theranekron, as an apoptosis-inducing agent, was possibly shown to be an excellent alternative therapeutic drug for the treatment of malignant neoplasm. [ 32 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Theranekron on femur fracture healing in an experimental rat model

Güven

Özkan²,

Türközü³

et al. 2022

Jt Dis Relat Surg

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“…Some natural products, such as curcumin, resveratrol, artesunate, and gallic acid, exert anticancer effects by inducing cell apoptosis. Theranekron D6 (Tosun et al, 2021) obtained from spider venom and gaillardin (Roozbehani et al, 2021) isolated from Inula oculus-christi have attracted great attention due to their significant proapoptotic properties, and therefore, they may be powerful candidates for inducing apoptosis in the future. Camptothecin, curcumin (Rowaiye et al, 2021), isoquinoline alkaloids of Chelidonium majus (Noureini et al, 2017), amentoflavone (Revikumar, 2021), and emodin (Liu et al, 2019), are effective telomerase inhibitors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Status and Hotspots of Anticancer Natural Products Based on the Patent Literature and Scientific Articles

Shen

2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Background: The patent literature contains a large amount of information on the internal state of current industrial technologies that are not available in other literature studies. Scientific articles are the direct achievements of theoretical research in this field and can reveal how current theories in basic research have developed. In this study, the progress and status of natural anticancer products in this field were summarized, and the research hotspots were explored through the analysis of the relevant patent literature and scientific articles.Methods: Patent data were retrieved from the incoPat patent retrieval database, and paper data were retrieved from the Web of Science core set and PubMed. GraphPad Prism 8, Microsoft Excel 2010, and CiteSpace 5.8.R3 were used to perform visual processing. The analyzed patent literature includes the patent applicant type, country (or region), and technical subject. The analyzed scientific article includes academic groups, subject areas, keyword clustering, and burst detection.Results: A total of 20,435 patent families and 38,746 articles were collected by 4 January 2022. At present, antitumor drugs derived from natural products mainly include 1) apoptosis inducers such as curcumin, gallic acid, resveratrol, Theranekron D6, and gaillardin; 2) topoisomerase inhibitors such as camptothecins, scaffold-hopped flavones, podophyllotoxin, oxocrebanine, and evodiamine derivatives; 3) telomerase inhibitors such as camptothecin and isoquinoline alkaloids of Chelidonium majus, amentoflavone, and emodin; 4) microtubule inhibitors such as kolaflavanone, tanshinone IIA analog, eugenol, and millepachine; 5) immunomodulators such as fucoidan, myricetin, bergapten, and atractylenolide I; 6) tumor microenvironment regulators such as beta-escin and icaritin; 7) multidrug resistance reversal agents such as berberine, quercetin, and dihydromyricetin; and 8) antiangiogenic and antimetastatic agents such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, lupeol, ononin, and saikosaponin A.Conclusion: Anticancer natural product technology was introduced earlier, but the later development momentum was insufficient. In addition, scientific research activities are relatively closed, and technical exchanges need to be strengthened. Currently, the development of medicinal plants and the research on the anticancer mechanism of natural active products are still research hotspots, especially those related to immune checkpoints, essential oils, and metastatic cancer. Theories of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), such as “restraining excessiveness to acquire harmony,” “same treatment for different diseases,” “Meridian induction theory,” and “Fuzheng Quxie,” have important guiding significance to the research of anticancer mechanisms and the development of new drugs and can provide new ideas for this process.Systematic Review Registration: [https://sourceforge.net/projects/citespace/], identifier [000755430500001].

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“…In the study performed by Ghasemi-Dizgah et al [19], it was announced that TCAE reduces free oxygen radicals and can activate apoptosis by inducing the caspase-3 pathway in vitro. In addition, in a study conducted on different cancer cell lines in vitro, it was reported that TCAE is an apoptosis-inducing agent [39]. In a different study, it was reported that after treatment with TCAE in canine mammary tumours, Bcl-2 (B cell lymphoma-2) and Ki-67 expressions were IHC reduced [21].…”

Section: It Is Especially Used As An Intermediate Marker In Chemoprev...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract and Nerium oleander distillate on cell proliferation markers in colon carcinogenesis

2022

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Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is defined as colon and rectum cancer and is among the major causes of mortality in developed Countries. Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract (TCAE) and Nerium oleander distillate (NOD) are reported to have anticancer and antioxidative activity. In this study, it was aimed to research the impact on cell proliferation markers of TCAE and NOD given simultaneously in experimental colon cancer. A total of 24 rats, 6 in each group, were used in the study. Cancer Control (CC): Azoxymethane was administered at the beginning of the experiment at a dose of 15 miligrams (mg)· kilograms-1 (kg), (Subcutaneous, SC) twice, with an interval of a week (wk), to induce cancer. CC+TCAE: the dosage of Azoxymethane administered was 15 mg·kg-1 (SC) twice a wk at the beginning of the experiment, while in the case of TCAE, it was 0.2 mL·kg-1 (SC) once a wk for 18 wk from the beginning of the experiment. Fifteen mg·kg-1 (SC) of Azoxymethane was administered twice at one-wk intervals at the beginning of the experiment to the CC+NOD group, and NO distillate (NOD) was given with water throughout the experiment. Afterwards, animals were euthanized under appropriate conditions, paraffin blocks formed from colon tissues, histochemical AgNOR (Silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions), and immunohistochemical PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) stainings were performed. In the study, immunohistochemically, PCNA scores and AgNOR count per nucleus (AgNCI) were significantly decreased in C-TCAE and C-NOD groups (P<0.001). AgNOR Area index (AgNAI) (P<0.01), Core Area Index (CAI) (P<0.05), and AgNOR Area index/Core Area Index (AgNAI/CAI) (P<0.01) scores were significantly decreased in the C-TCAE group. As a result, it was concluded that both TCAE and NOD are effective as chemopreventive drugs and that TCAE presents a more pronounced antiproliferative effect than NOD.

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Apoptosis Induced by Tarantula cubensis Crude Venom (Theranekron® D6) in Cancer Cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

The effect of Theranekron on femur fracture healing in an experimental rat model

The effect of Theranekron on femur fracture healing in an experimental rat model

Research Status and Hotspots of Anticancer Natural Products Based on the Patent Literature and Scientific Articles

Effect of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract and Nerium oleander distillate on cell proliferation markers in colon carcinogenesis

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